Merge master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/gitk/gitk
[git.git] / Documentation / git.txt
1 git(7)
2 ======
3 May 2005
4
5 NAME
6 ----
7 git - the stupid content tracker
8
9
10 SYNOPSIS
11 --------
12 'git-<command>' <args>
13
14 DESCRIPTION
15 -----------
16
17 This is reference information for the core git commands.
18
19 The Discussion section below contains much useful definition and
20 clarification info - read that first.  And of the commands, I suggest
21 reading link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache] and
22 link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree] first - I wish I had!
23
24 David Greaves <david@dgreaves.com>
25 08/05/05
26
27 Updated by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> on 2005-05-05 to
28 reflect recent changes.
29
30 Commands Overview
31 -----------------
32 The git commands can helpfully be split into those that manipulate
33 the repository, the cache and the working fileset, those that
34 interrogate and compare them, and those that moves objects and
35 references between repositories.
36
37 There are also some ancilliary programs that can be viewed as useful
38 aids for using the core commands but which are unlikely to be used by
39 SCMs layered over git.
40
41 Manipulation commands
42 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
43 link:git-checkout-cache.html[git-checkout-cache]::
44         Copy files from the cache to the working directory
45
46 link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]::
47         Creates a new commit object
48
49 link:git-init-db.html[git-init-db]::
50         Creates an empty git object database
51
52 link:git-merge-base.html[git-merge-base]::
53         Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge
54
55 link:git-mktag.html[git-mktag]::
56         Creates a tag object
57
58 link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree]::
59         Reads tree information into the directory cache
60
61 link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache]::
62         Modifies the index or directory cache
63
64 link:git-hash-object.html[git-hash-object]::
65         Computes the object ID from a file.
66
67 link:git-write-tree.html[git-write-tree]::
68         Creates a tree from the current cache
69
70 Interrogation commands
71 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
72 link:git-cat-file.html[git-cat-file]::
73         Provide content or type information for repository objects
74
75 link:git-check-files.html[git-check-files]::
76         Verify a list of files are up-to-date
77
78 link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache]::
79         Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository
80
81 link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files]::
82         Compares files in the working tree and the cache
83
84 link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]::
85         Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
86
87 link:git-export.html[git-export]::
88         Exports each commit and a diff against each of its parents
89
90 link:git-fsck-cache.html[git-fsck-cache]::
91         Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
92
93 link:git-ls-files.html[git-ls-files]::
94         Information about files in the cache/working directory
95
96 link:git-ls-tree.html[git-ls-tree]::
97         Displays a tree object in human readable form
98
99 link:git-merge-cache.html[git-merge-cache]::
100         Runs a merge for files needing merging
101
102 link:git-rev-list.html[git-rev-list]::
103         Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
104
105 link:git-rev-tree.html[git-rev-tree]::
106         Provides the revision tree for one or more commits
107
108 link:git-tar-tree.html[git-tar-tree]::
109         Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree
110
111 link:git-unpack-file.html[git-unpack-file]::
112         Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
113
114 link:git-var.html[git-var]::
115         Displays a git logical variable
116
117 link:git-verify-pack.html[git-verify-pack]::
118         Validates packed GIT archive files
119
120 The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to
121 touch the working file set - but in general they don't
122
123
124 Synching repositories
125 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
126
127 link:git-clone-script.html[git-clone-script]::
128         Clones a repository into the current repository (user interface)
129
130 link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]::
131         Clones a repository into the current repository (engine
132         for ssh and local transport)
133
134 link:git-fetch-script.html[git-pull-script]::
135         Pull from a repote repository via various protocols
136         (user interface).
137
138 link:git-pull-script.html[git-pull-script]::
139         Fetch from and merge with a repote repository via
140         various protocols (user interface).
141
142 link:git-http-pull.html[git-http-pull]::
143         Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP
144
145 link:git-local-pull.html[git-local-pull]::
146         Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system
147
148 link:git-ssh-pull.html[git-ssh-pull]::
149         Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
150
151 link:git-send-pack.html[git-send-pack]::
152         Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently.
153
154 link:git-receive-pack.html[git-receive-pack]::
155         Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it.
156
157 link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]::
158         Clones from a remote repository.
159
160 link:git-fetch-pack.html[git-fetch-pack]::
161         Updates from a remote repository.
162
163 link:git-upload-pack.html[git-upload-pack]::
164         Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push
165         what are asked for.
166
167
168 Ancilliary Commands
169 -------------------
170 Manipulators:
171
172 link:git-apply-patch-script.html[git-apply-patch-script]::
173         Sample script to apply the diffs from git-diff-*
174
175 link:git-convert-cache.html[git-convert-cache]::
176         Converts old-style GIT repository
177
178 link:git-merge-one-file-script.html[git-merge-one-file-script]::
179         The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-cache"
180
181 link:git-prune-script.html[git-prune-script]::
182         Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database
183
184 link:git-resolve-script.html[git-resolve-script]::
185         Script used to merge two trees
186
187 link:git-tag-script.html[git-tag-script]::
188         An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
189
190
191 Interogators:
192
193 link:git-diff-helper.html[git-diff-helper]::
194         Generates patch format output for git-diff-*
195
196 link:git-ssh-push.html[git-ssh-push]::
197         Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull
198
199
200
201 Identifier Terminology
202 ----------------------
203 <object>::
204         Indicates the sha1 identifier for any type of object
205
206 <blob>::
207         Indicates a blob object sha1 identifier
208
209 <tree>::
210         Indicates a tree object sha1 identifier
211
212 <commit>::
213         Indicates a commit object sha1 identifier
214
215 <tree-ish>::
216         Indicates a tree, commit or tag object sha1 identifier.  A
217         command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
218         operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
219         <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
220
221 <type>::
222         Indicates that an object type is required.
223         Currently one of: blob/tree/commit/tag
224
225 <file>::
226         Indicates a filename - always relative to the root of
227         the tree structure GIT_INDEX_FILE describes.
228
229 Symbolic Identifiers
230 --------------------
231 Any git comand accepting any <object> can also use the following
232 symbolic notation:
233
234 HEAD::
235         indicates the head of the repository (ie the contents of
236         `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`)
237 <tag>::
238         a valid tag 'name'+
239         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`)
240 <head>::
241         a valid head 'name'+
242         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`)
243 <snap>::
244         a valid snapshot 'name'+
245         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/snap/<snap>`)
246
247
248 File/Directory Structure
249 ------------------------
250 The git-core manipulates the following areas in the directory:
251
252  .git/         The base (overridden with $GIT_DIR)
253    objects/    The object base (overridden with $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY)
254      ??/       'First 2 chars of object' directories.
255      pack/     Packed archives.
256
257    refs/       Directories containing symbolic names for objects
258                (each file contains the hex SHA1 + newline)
259      heads/    Commits which are heads of various sorts
260      tags/     Tags, by the tag name (or some local renaming of it)
261      */        Any other subdirectory of refs/ can be used to store
262                files similar to what are under refs/heads/.
263    HEAD        Symlink to refs/heads/<current-branch-name>
264
265 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
266 GIT_DIR.
267
268 Terminology
269 -----------
270 Each line contains terms which you may see used interchangeably
271
272  object database, .git directory
273  directory cache, index
274  id, sha1, sha1-id, sha1 hash
275  type, tag
276
277
278 Environment Variables
279 ---------------------
280 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
281
282 The git Repository
283 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
284 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
285 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
286 git so take care if using Cogito etc
287
288 'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
289         This environment allows the specification of an alternate
290         cache/index file. If not specified, the default of
291         `$GIT_DIR/index` is used.
292
293 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
294         If the object storage directory is specified via this
295         environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
296         underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
297         directory is used.
298
299 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
300         Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
301         archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
302         specifies a ":" seperated list of git object directories which
303         can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
304         written to these directories.
305
306 'GIT_DIR'::
307         If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it specifies
308         a path to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the
309         repository.
310
311 git Commits
312 ~~~~~~~~~~~
313 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
314 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
315 'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
316 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
317 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
318         see link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]
319
320 git Diffs
321 ~~~~~~~~~
322 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
323 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
324         see the "generating patches" section in :
325         link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache];
326         link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files];
327         link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]
328
329 Discussion
330 ----------
331 include::../README[]
332
333 Author
334 ------
335 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
336
337 Documentation
338 --------------
339 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
340
341 GIT
342 ---
343 Part of the link:git.html[git] suite
344