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229 include::./stylesheets/xhtml11-manpage.css[]
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256 padding-left: 0.5em;
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259 <title>git-diff-tree(1)</title>
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264 git-diff-tree(1) Manual Page
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267 <div class="sectionbody">
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269 Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
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274 <div class="sectionbody">
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275 <div class="verseblock">
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276 <div class="content"><em>git-diff-tree</em> [--stdin] [-m] [-s] [-v] [--no-commit-id] [--pretty]
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277 [-t] [-r] [-c | --cc] [--root] [<common diff options>]
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278 <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>…]</div></div>
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280 <h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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281 <div class="sectionbody">
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282 <p>Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via two tree objects.</p>
\r
283 <p>If there is only one <tree-ish> given, the commit is compared with its parents
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284 (see --stdin below).</p>
\r
285 <p>Note that "git-diff-tree" can use the tree encapsulated in a commit object.</p>
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288 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
295 Generate patch (see section on generating patches)
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311 \0 line termination on output
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319 Show only names of changed files.
\r
327 Show only names and status of changed files.
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335 Instead of the first handful characters, show full
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336 object name of pre- and post-image blob on the "index"
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337 line when generating a patch format output.
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341 --abbrev[=<n>]
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345 Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
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346 name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
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347 lines, show only handful hexdigits prefix. This is
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348 independent of --full-index option above, which controls
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349 the diff-patch output format. Non default number of
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350 digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.
\r
358 Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create.
\r
374 Detect copies as well as renames.
\r
378 --find-copies-harder
\r
382 For performance reasons, by default, -C option finds copies only
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383 if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
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384 changeset. This flag makes the command
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385 inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
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386 copy. This is a very expensive operation for large
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387 projects, so use it with caution.
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395 -M and -C options require O(n^2) processing time where n
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396 is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This
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397 option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
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398 the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
\r
407 Look for differences that contain the change in <string>.
\r
415 When -S finds a change, show all the changes in that
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416 changeset, not just the files that contain the change
\r
421 -O<orderfile>
\r
425 Output the patch in the order specified in the
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426 <orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
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434 Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
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435 on-disk file to tree contents.
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439 <p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
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440 <a href="diffcore.html">diffcore documentation</a>.</p>
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447 The id of a tree object.
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451 <path>…
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455 If provided, the results are limited to a subset of files
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456 matching one of these prefix strings.
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457 ie file matches <tt>/^<pattern1>|<pattern2>|…/</tt>
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458 Note that this parameter does not provide any wildcard or regexp
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467 recurse into sub-trees
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475 show tree entry itself as well as subtrees. Implies -r.
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483 When <em>--root</em> is specified the initial commit will be showed as a big
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484 creation event. This is equivalent to a diff against the NULL tree.
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492 When <em>--stdin</em> is specified, the command does not take
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493 <tree-ish> arguments from the command line. Instead, it
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494 reads either one <commit> or a pair of <tree-ish>
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495 separated with a single space from its standard input.
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497 <p>When a single commit is given on one line of such input, it compares
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498 the commit with its parents. The following flags further affects its
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499 behaviour. This does not apply to the case where two <tree-ish>
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500 separated with a single space are given.</p>
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507 By default, "git-diff-tree --stdin" does not show
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508 differences for merge commits. With this flag, it shows
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509 differences to that commit from all of its parents.
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517 By default, "git-diff-tree --stdin" shows differences,
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518 either in machine-readable form (without <em>-p</em>) or in patch
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519 form (with <em>-p</em>). This output can be suppressed. It is
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520 only useful with <em>-v</em> flag.
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528 This flag causes "git-diff-tree --stdin" to also show
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529 the commit message before the differences.
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533 --pretty[=(raw|medium|short)]
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537 This is used to control "pretty printing" format of the
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538 commit message. Without "=<style>", it defaults to
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547 git-diff-tree outputs a line with the commit ID when
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548 applicable. This flag suppressed the commit ID output.
\r
556 These flags change the way a merge commit is displayed
\r
557 (which means it is useful only when the command is given
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558 one <tree-ish>, or <em>--stdin</em>). It shows the differences
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559 from each of the parents to the merge result
\r
560 simultaneously, instead of showing pairwise diff between
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561 a parent and the result one at a time, which <em>-m</em> option
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562 output does. <em>--cc</em> further compresses the output by
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563 omiting hunks that show differences from only one
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564 parent, or show the same change from all but one parent
\r
565 for an Octopus merge. When this optimization makes all
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566 hunks disappear, the commit itself and the commit log
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567 message is not shown, just like any other "empty diff" cases.
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575 Show the commit itself and the commit log message even
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576 if the diff itself is empty.
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581 <h2>Limiting Output</h2>
\r
582 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
583 <p>If you're only interested in differences in a subset of files, for
\r
584 example some architecture-specific files, you might do:</p>
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585 <div class="literalblock">
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586 <div class="content">
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587 <pre><tt>git-diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> arch/ia64 include/asm-ia64</tt></pre>
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589 <p>and it will only show you what changed in those two directories.</p>
\r
590 <p>Or if you are searching for what changed in just <tt>kernel/sched.c</tt>, just do</p>
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591 <div class="literalblock">
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592 <div class="content">
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593 <pre><tt>git-diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> kernel/sched.c</tt></pre>
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595 <p>and it will ignore all differences to other files.</p>
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596 <p>The pattern is always the prefix, and is matched exactly. There are no
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597 wildcards. Even stricter, it has to match a complete path component.
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598 I.e. "foo" does not pick up <tt>foobar.h</tt>. "foo" does match <tt>foo/bar.h</tt>
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599 so it can be used to name subdirectories.</p>
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600 <p>An example of normal usage is:</p>
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601 <div class="literalblock">
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602 <div class="content">
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603 <pre><tt>torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git-diff-tree 5319e4......
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604 *100664->100664 blob ac348b.......->a01513....... git-fsck-objects.c</tt></pre>
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606 <p>which tells you that the last commit changed just one file (it's from
\r
608 <div class="listingblock">
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609 <div class="content">
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610 <pre><tt>commit 3c6f7ca19ad4043e9e72fa94106f352897e651a8
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611 tree 5319e4d609cdd282069cc4dce33c1db559539b03
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612 parent b4e628ea30d5ab3606119d2ea5caeab141d38df7
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613 author Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
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614 committer Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
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616 Make "git-fsck-objects" print out all the root commits it finds.
\r
618 Once I do the reference tracking, I'll also make it print out all the
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619 HEAD commits it finds, which is even more interesting.</tt></pre>
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621 <p>in case you care).</p>
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623 <h2>Output format</h2>
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624 <div class="sectionbody">
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625 <p>The output format from "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree" and
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626 "git-diff-files" are very similar.</p>
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627 <p>These commands all compare two sets of things; what is
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628 compared differs:</p>
\r
631 git-diff-index <tree-ish>
\r
635 compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.
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639 git-diff-index --cached <tree-ish>
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643 compares the <tree-ish> and the index.
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647 git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>…]
\r
651 compares the trees named by the two arguments.
\r
655 git-diff-files [<pattern>…]
\r
659 compares the index and the files on the filesystem.
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663 <p>An output line is formatted this way:</p>
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664 <div class="listingblock">
\r
665 <div class="content">
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666 <pre><tt>in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
\r
667 copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... C68 file1 file2
\r
668 rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... R86 file1 file3
\r
669 create :000000 100644 0000000... 1234567... A file4
\r
670 delete :100644 000000 1234567... 0000000... D file5
\r
671 unmerged :000000 000000 0000000... 0000000... U file6</tt></pre>
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673 <p>That is, from the left to the right:</p>
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682 mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.
\r
692 mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.
\r
702 sha1 for "src"; 0{40} if creation or unmerged.
\r
712 sha1 for "dst"; 0{40} if creation, unmerged or "look at work tree".
\r
722 status, followed by optional "score" number.
\r
727 a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used.
\r
737 a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used; only exists for C or R.
\r
742 path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.
\r
747 an LF or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used, to terminate the record.
\r
751 <p><sha1> is shown as all 0's if a file is new on the filesystem
\r
752 and it is out of sync with the index.</p>
\r
754 <div class="listingblock">
\r
755 <div class="content">
\r
756 <pre><tt>:100644 100644 5be4a4...... 000000...... M file.c</tt></pre>
\r
758 <p>When <tt>-z</tt> option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
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759 in pathnames are represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>,
\r
762 <h2>Generating patches with -p</h2>
\r
763 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
764 <p>When "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
\r
765 with a <em>-p</em> option, they do not produce the output described above;
\r
766 instead they produce a patch file.</p>
\r
767 <p>The patch generation can be customized at two levels.</p>
\r
771 When the environment variable <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is not set,
\r
772 these commands internally invoke "diff" like this:
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774 <div class="literalblock">
\r
775 <div class="content">
\r
776 <pre><tt>diff -L a/<path> -L b/<path> -pu <old> <new></tt></pre>
\r
778 <p>For added files, <tt>/dev/null</tt> is used for <old>. For removed
\r
779 files, <tt>/dev/null</tt> is used for <new></p>
\r
780 <p>The "diff" formatting options can be customized via the
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781 environment variable <em>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</em>. For example, if you
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782 prefer context diff:</p>
\r
783 <div class="literalblock">
\r
784 <div class="content">
\r
785 <pre><tt>GIT_DIFF_OPTS=-c git-diff-index -p HEAD</tt></pre>
\r
790 When the environment variable <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is set, the
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791 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
\r
794 <p>For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
\r
795 <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is called with 7 parameters:</p>
\r
796 <div class="literalblock">
\r
797 <div class="content">
\r
798 <pre><tt>path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode</tt></pre>
\r
801 <div class="hlist"><table>
\r
803 <td class="hlist1">
\r
804 <old|new>-file
\r
806 <td class="hlist2">
\r
807 are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
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808 contents of <old|new>,
\r
812 <td class="hlist1">
\r
813 <old|new>-hex
\r
815 <td class="hlist2">
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816 are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
\r
820 <td class="hlist1">
\r
821 <old|new>-mode
\r
823 <td class="hlist2">
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824 are the octal representation of the file modes.
\r
828 <p>The file parameters can point at the user's working file
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829 (e.g. <tt>new-file</tt> in "git-diff-files"), <tt>/dev/null</tt> (e.g. <tt>old-file</tt>
\r
830 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. <tt>old-file</tt> in the
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831 index). <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> should not worry about unlinking the
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832 temporary file --- it is removed when <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> exits.</p>
\r
835 <p>For a path that is unmerged, <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is called with 1
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836 parameter, <path>.</p>
\r
838 <h2>git specific extension to diff format</h2>
\r
839 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
840 <p>What -p option produces is slightly different from the
\r
841 traditional diff format.</p>
\r
845 It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
\r
848 <div class="literalblock">
\r
849 <div class="content">
\r
850 <pre><tt>diff --git a/file1 b/file2</tt></pre>
\r
852 <p>The <tt>a/</tt> and <tt>b/</tt> filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
\r
853 involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
\r
854 <tt>/dev/null</tt> is _not_ used in place of <tt>a/</tt> or <tt>b/</tt> filenames.</p>
\r
855 <p>When rename/copy is involved, <tt>file1</tt> and <tt>file2</tt> show the
\r
856 name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
\r
857 the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.</p>
\r
861 It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
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863 <div class="literalblock">
\r
864 <div class="content">
\r
865 <pre><tt>old mode <mode>
\r
866 new mode <mode>
\r
867 deleted file mode <mode>
\r
868 new file mode <mode>
\r
869 copy from <path>
\r
870 copy to <path>
\r
871 rename from <path>
\r
872 rename to <path>
\r
873 similarity index <number>
\r
874 dissimilarity index <number>
\r
875 index <hash>..<hash> <mode></tt></pre>
\r
880 TAB, LF, and backslash characters in pathnames are
\r
881 represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>, respectively.
\r
886 <h2>combined diff format</h2>
\r
887 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
888 <p>git-diff-tree and git-diff-files can take <em>-c</em> or <em>--cc</em> option
\r
889 to produce <em>combined diff</em>, which looks like this:</p>
\r
890 <div class="listingblock">
\r
891 <div class="content">
\r
892 <pre><tt>diff --combined describe.c
\r
894 return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
\r
897 - static void describe(char *arg)
\r
898 -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
\r
899 ++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
\r
901 + unsigned char sha1[20];
\r
902 + struct commit *cmit;</tt></pre>
\r
904 <p>Unlike the traditional <em>unified</em> diff format, which shows two
\r
905 files A and B with a single column that has <tt>-</tt> (minus —
\r
906 appears in A but removed in B), <tt>+</tt> (plus — missing in A but
\r
907 added to B), or <tt> </tt> (space — unchanged) prefix, this format
\r
908 compares two or more files file1, file2,… with one file X, and
\r
909 shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
\r
910 fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X's line is
\r
911 different from it.</p>
\r
912 <p>A <tt>-</tt> character in the column N means that the line appears in
\r
913 fileN but it does not appear in the last file. A <tt>+</tt> character
\r
914 in the column N means that the line appears in the last file,
\r
915 and fileN does not have that line.</p>
\r
916 <p>In the above example output, the function signature was changed
\r
917 from both files (hence two <tt>-</tt> removals from both file1 and
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918 file2, plus <tt>++</tt> to mean one line that was added does not appear
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919 in either file1 nor file2). Also two other lines are the same
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920 from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with <tt> +</tt>).</p>
\r
921 <p>When shown by <tt>git diff-tree -c</tt>, it compares the parents of a
\r
922 merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
\r
923 parents). When shown by <tt>git diff-files -c</tt>, it compares the
\r
924 two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
\r
925 (i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka
\r
926 "their version").</p>
\r
929 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
930 <p>Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org></p>
\r
932 <h2>Documentation</h2>
\r
933 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
934 <p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.</p>
\r
937 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
938 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p>
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941 <div id="footer-text">
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942 Last updated 08-Feb-2006 00:52:29 UTC
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projects / git.git / blob