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229 include::./stylesheets/xhtml11-manpage.css[]
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256 padding-left: 0.5em;
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259 <title>git-diff-tree(1)</title>
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264 git-diff-tree(1) Manual Page
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267 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
269 Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
\r
274 <div class="sectionbody">
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275 <div class="verseblock">
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276 <div class="content"><em>git-diff-tree</em> [--stdin] [-m] [-s] [-v] [--no-commit-id] [--pretty]
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277 [-t] [-r] [-c | --cc] [--root] [<common diff options>]
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278 <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>…]</div></div>
\r
280 <h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
\r
281 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
282 <p>Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via two tree objects.</p>
\r
283 <p>If there is only one <tree-ish> given, the commit is compared with its parents
\r
284 (see --stdin below).</p>
\r
285 <p>Note that "git-diff-tree" can use the tree encapsulated in a commit object.</p>
\r
288 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
295 Generate patch (see section on generating patches)
\r
311 \0 line termination on output
\r
319 Show only names of changed files.
\r
327 Show only names and status of changed files.
\r
335 Instead of the first handful characters, show full
\r
336 object name of pre- and post-image blob on the "index"
\r
337 line when generating a patch format output.
\r
341 --abbrev[=<n>]
\r
345 Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
\r
346 name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
\r
347 lines, show only handful hexdigits prefix. This is
\r
348 independent of --full-index option above, which controls
\r
349 the diff-patch output format. Non default number of
\r
350 digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.
\r
358 Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create.
\r
374 Detect copies as well as renames.
\r
378 --diff-filter=[ACDMRTUXB*]
\r
382 Select only files that are Added (<tt>A</tt>), Copied (<tt>C</tt>),
\r
383 Deleted (<tt>D</tt>), Modified (<tt>M</tt>), Renamed (<tt>R</tt>), have their
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384 type (mode) changed (<tt>T</tt>), are Unmerged (<tt>U</tt>), are
\r
385 Unknown (<tt>X</tt>), or have had their pairing Broken (<tt>B</tt>).
\r
386 Any combination of the filter characters may be used.
\r
387 When <tt>*</tt> (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all
\r
388 paths are selected if there is any file that matches
\r
389 other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
\r
390 that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
\r
394 --find-copies-harder
\r
398 For performance reasons, by default, -C option finds copies only
\r
399 if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
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400 changeset. This flag makes the command
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401 inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
\r
402 copy. This is a very expensive operation for large
\r
403 projects, so use it with caution.
\r
411 -M and -C options require O(n^2) processing time where n
\r
412 is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This
\r
413 option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
\r
414 the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
\r
423 Look for differences that contain the change in <string>.
\r
431 When -S finds a change, show all the changes in that
\r
432 changeset, not just the files that contain the change
\r
441 Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
\r
446 -O<orderfile>
\r
450 Output the patch in the order specified in the
\r
451 <orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
\r
459 Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
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460 on-disk file to tree contents.
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464 <p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
\r
465 <a href="diffcore.html">diffcore documentation</a>.</p>
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472 The id of a tree object.
\r
476 <path>…
\r
480 If provided, the results are limited to a subset of files
\r
481 matching one of these prefix strings.
\r
482 ie file matches <tt>/^<pattern1>|<pattern2>|…/</tt>
\r
483 Note that this parameter does not provide any wildcard or regexp
\r
492 recurse into sub-trees
\r
500 show tree entry itself as well as subtrees. Implies -r.
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508 When <em>--root</em> is specified the initial commit will be showed as a big
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509 creation event. This is equivalent to a diff against the NULL tree.
\r
517 When <em>--stdin</em> is specified, the command does not take
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518 <tree-ish> arguments from the command line. Instead, it
\r
519 reads either one <commit> or a pair of <tree-ish>
\r
520 separated with a single space from its standard input.
\r
522 <p>When a single commit is given on one line of such input, it compares
\r
523 the commit with its parents. The following flags further affects its
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524 behaviour. This does not apply to the case where two <tree-ish>
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525 separated with a single space are given.</p>
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532 By default, "git-diff-tree --stdin" does not show
\r
533 differences for merge commits. With this flag, it shows
\r
534 differences to that commit from all of its parents. See
\r
543 By default, "git-diff-tree --stdin" shows differences,
\r
544 either in machine-readable form (without <em>-p</em>) or in patch
\r
545 form (with <em>-p</em>). This output can be suppressed. It is
\r
546 only useful with <em>-v</em> flag.
\r
554 This flag causes "git-diff-tree --stdin" to also show
\r
555 the commit message before the differences.
\r
559 --pretty[=(raw|medium|short)]
\r
563 This is used to control "pretty printing" format of the
\r
564 commit message. Without "=<style>", it defaults to
\r
573 git-diff-tree outputs a line with the commit ID when
\r
574 applicable. This flag suppressed the commit ID output.
\r
582 This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed
\r
583 (which means it is useful only when the command is given
\r
584 one <tree-ish>, or <em>--stdin</em>). It shows the differences
\r
585 from each of the parents to the merge result simultaneously
\r
586 instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent and the
\r
587 result one at a time (which is what the <em>-m</em> option does).
\r
588 Furthermore, it lists only files which were modified
\r
597 This flag changes the way a merge commit patch is displayed,
\r
598 in a similar way to the <em>-c</em> option. It implies the <em>-c</em>
\r
599 and <em>-p</em> options and further compresses the patch output
\r
600 by omitting hunks that show differences from only one
\r
601 parent, or show the same change from all but one parent
\r
602 for an Octopus merge. When this optimization makes all
\r
603 hunks disappear, the commit itself and the commit log
\r
604 message is not shown, just like in any other "empty diff" case.
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612 Show the commit itself and the commit log message even
\r
613 if the diff itself is empty.
\r
618 <h2>Limiting Output</h2>
\r
619 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
620 <p>If you're only interested in differences in a subset of files, for
\r
621 example some architecture-specific files, you might do:</p>
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622 <div class="literalblock">
\r
623 <div class="content">
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624 <pre><tt>git-diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> arch/ia64 include/asm-ia64</tt></pre>
\r
626 <p>and it will only show you what changed in those two directories.</p>
\r
627 <p>Or if you are searching for what changed in just <tt>kernel/sched.c</tt>, just do</p>
\r
628 <div class="literalblock">
\r
629 <div class="content">
\r
630 <pre><tt>git-diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> kernel/sched.c</tt></pre>
\r
632 <p>and it will ignore all differences to other files.</p>
\r
633 <p>The pattern is always the prefix, and is matched exactly. There are no
\r
634 wildcards. Even stricter, it has to match a complete path component.
\r
635 I.e. "foo" does not pick up <tt>foobar.h</tt>. "foo" does match <tt>foo/bar.h</tt>
\r
636 so it can be used to name subdirectories.</p>
\r
637 <p>An example of normal usage is:</p>
\r
638 <div class="literalblock">
\r
639 <div class="content">
\r
640 <pre><tt>torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git-diff-tree 5319e4......
\r
641 *100664->100664 blob ac348b.......->a01513....... git-fsck-objects.c</tt></pre>
\r
643 <p>which tells you that the last commit changed just one file (it's from
\r
645 <div class="listingblock">
\r
646 <div class="content">
\r
647 <pre><tt>commit 3c6f7ca19ad4043e9e72fa94106f352897e651a8
\r
648 tree 5319e4d609cdd282069cc4dce33c1db559539b03
\r
649 parent b4e628ea30d5ab3606119d2ea5caeab141d38df7
\r
650 author Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
\r
651 committer Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
\r
653 Make "git-fsck-objects" print out all the root commits it finds.
\r
655 Once I do the reference tracking, I'll also make it print out all the
\r
656 HEAD commits it finds, which is even more interesting.</tt></pre>
\r
658 <p>in case you care).</p>
\r
660 <h2>Output format</h2>
\r
661 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
662 <p>The output format from "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree" and
\r
663 "git-diff-files" are very similar.</p>
\r
664 <p>These commands all compare two sets of things; what is
\r
665 compared differs:</p>
\r
668 git-diff-index <tree-ish>
\r
672 compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.
\r
676 git-diff-index --cached <tree-ish>
\r
680 compares the <tree-ish> and the index.
\r
684 git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>…]
\r
688 compares the trees named by the two arguments.
\r
692 git-diff-files [<pattern>…]
\r
696 compares the index and the files on the filesystem.
\r
700 <p>An output line is formatted this way:</p>
\r
701 <div class="listingblock">
\r
702 <div class="content">
\r
703 <pre><tt>in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
\r
704 copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... C68 file1 file2
\r
705 rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... R86 file1 file3
\r
706 create :000000 100644 0000000... 1234567... A file4
\r
707 delete :100644 000000 1234567... 0000000... D file5
\r
708 unmerged :000000 000000 0000000... 0000000... U file6</tt></pre>
\r
710 <p>That is, from the left to the right:</p>
\r
719 mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.
\r
729 mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.
\r
739 sha1 for "src"; 0{40} if creation or unmerged.
\r
749 sha1 for "dst"; 0{40} if creation, unmerged or "look at work tree".
\r
759 status, followed by optional "score" number.
\r
764 a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used.
\r
774 a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used; only exists for C or R.
\r
779 path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.
\r
784 an LF or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used, to terminate the record.
\r
788 <p><sha1> is shown as all 0's if a file is new on the filesystem
\r
789 and it is out of sync with the index.</p>
\r
791 <div class="listingblock">
\r
792 <div class="content">
\r
793 <pre><tt>:100644 100644 5be4a4...... 000000...... M file.c</tt></pre>
\r
795 <p>When <tt>-z</tt> option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
\r
796 in pathnames are represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>,
\r
799 <h2>Generating patches with -p</h2>
\r
800 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
801 <p>When "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
\r
802 with a <em>-p</em> option, they do not produce the output described above;
\r
803 instead they produce a patch file.</p>
\r
804 <p>The patch generation can be customized at two levels.</p>
\r
808 When the environment variable <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is not set,
\r
809 these commands internally invoke "diff" like this:
\r
811 <div class="literalblock">
\r
812 <div class="content">
\r
813 <pre><tt>diff -L a/<path> -L b/<path> -pu <old> <new></tt></pre>
\r
815 <p>For added files, <tt>/dev/null</tt> is used for <old>. For removed
\r
816 files, <tt>/dev/null</tt> is used for <new></p>
\r
817 <p>The "diff" formatting options can be customized via the
\r
818 environment variable <em>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</em>. For example, if you
\r
819 prefer context diff:</p>
\r
820 <div class="literalblock">
\r
821 <div class="content">
\r
822 <pre><tt>GIT_DIFF_OPTS=-c git-diff-index -p HEAD</tt></pre>
\r
827 When the environment variable <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is set, the
\r
828 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
\r
831 <p>For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
\r
832 <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is called with 7 parameters:</p>
\r
833 <div class="literalblock">
\r
834 <div class="content">
\r
835 <pre><tt>path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode</tt></pre>
\r
838 <div class="hlist"><table>
\r
840 <td class="hlist1">
\r
841 <old|new>-file
\r
843 <td class="hlist2">
\r
844 are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
\r
845 contents of <old|new>,
\r
849 <td class="hlist1">
\r
850 <old|new>-hex
\r
852 <td class="hlist2">
\r
853 are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
\r
857 <td class="hlist1">
\r
858 <old|new>-mode
\r
860 <td class="hlist2">
\r
861 are the octal representation of the file modes.
\r
865 <p>The file parameters can point at the user's working file
\r
866 (e.g. <tt>new-file</tt> in "git-diff-files"), <tt>/dev/null</tt> (e.g. <tt>old-file</tt>
\r
867 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. <tt>old-file</tt> in the
\r
868 index). <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> should not worry about unlinking the
\r
869 temporary file --- it is removed when <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> exits.</p>
\r
872 <p>For a path that is unmerged, <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is called with 1
\r
873 parameter, <path>.</p>
\r
875 <h2>git specific extension to diff format</h2>
\r
876 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
877 <p>What -p option produces is slightly different from the
\r
878 traditional diff format.</p>
\r
882 It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
\r
885 <div class="literalblock">
\r
886 <div class="content">
\r
887 <pre><tt>diff --git a/file1 b/file2</tt></pre>
\r
889 <p>The <tt>a/</tt> and <tt>b/</tt> filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
\r
890 involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
\r
891 <tt>/dev/null</tt> is _not_ used in place of <tt>a/</tt> or <tt>b/</tt> filenames.</p>
\r
892 <p>When rename/copy is involved, <tt>file1</tt> and <tt>file2</tt> show the
\r
893 name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
\r
894 the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.</p>
\r
898 It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
\r
900 <div class="literalblock">
\r
901 <div class="content">
\r
902 <pre><tt>old mode <mode>
\r
903 new mode <mode>
\r
904 deleted file mode <mode>
\r
905 new file mode <mode>
\r
906 copy from <path>
\r
907 copy to <path>
\r
908 rename from <path>
\r
909 rename to <path>
\r
910 similarity index <number>
\r
911 dissimilarity index <number>
\r
912 index <hash>..<hash> <mode></tt></pre>
\r
917 TAB, LF, and backslash characters in pathnames are
\r
918 represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>, respectively.
\r
923 <h2>combined diff format</h2>
\r
924 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
925 <p>git-diff-tree and git-diff-files can take <em>-c</em> or <em>--cc</em> option
\r
926 to produce <em>combined diff</em>, which looks like this:</p>
\r
927 <div class="listingblock">
\r
928 <div class="content">
\r
929 <pre><tt>diff --combined describe.c
\r
931 return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
\r
934 - static void describe(char *arg)
\r
935 -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
\r
936 ++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
\r
938 + unsigned char sha1[20];
\r
939 + struct commit *cmit;</tt></pre>
\r
941 <p>Unlike the traditional <em>unified</em> diff format, which shows two
\r
942 files A and B with a single column that has <tt>-</tt> (minus —
\r
943 appears in A but removed in B), <tt>+</tt> (plus — missing in A but
\r
944 added to B), or <tt> </tt> (space — unchanged) prefix, this format
\r
945 compares two or more files file1, file2,… with one file X, and
\r
946 shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
\r
947 fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X's line is
\r
948 different from it.</p>
\r
949 <p>A <tt>-</tt> character in the column N means that the line appears in
\r
950 fileN but it does not appear in the last file. A <tt>+</tt> character
\r
951 in the column N means that the line appears in the last file,
\r
952 and fileN does not have that line.</p>
\r
953 <p>In the above example output, the function signature was changed
\r
954 from both files (hence two <tt>-</tt> removals from both file1 and
\r
955 file2, plus <tt>++</tt> to mean one line that was added does not appear
\r
956 in either file1 nor file2). Also two other lines are the same
\r
957 from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with <tt> +</tt>).</p>
\r
958 <p>When shown by <tt>git diff-tree -c</tt>, it compares the parents of a
\r
959 merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
\r
960 parents). When shown by <tt>git diff-files -c</tt>, it compares the
\r
961 two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
\r
962 (i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka
\r
963 "their version").</p>
\r
966 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
967 <p>Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org></p>
\r
969 <h2>Documentation</h2>
\r
970 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
971 <p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.</p>
\r
974 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
975 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p>
\r
978 <div id="footer-text">
\r
979 Last updated 10-Apr-2006 23:46:08 UTC
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projects / git.git / blob