X-Git-Url: https://git.octo.it/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fgit.txt;h=fe34f50dc516d37b3d507c14afb53fe751131854;hb=6a1640ffc6431d66fa33c8256fd19b5ee0bc1b47;hp=228f2fc3dd58c35eb6245e4c7343684aa7984451;hpb=a7154e916c6fab01dfb67629dae8c4430daff669;p=git.git diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 228f2fc3..fe34f50d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -1,6 +1,5 @@ git(7) ====== -v0.99.6, Sep 2005 NAME ---- @@ -9,39 +8,72 @@ git - the stupid content tracker SYNOPSIS -------- -'git-' +'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS] DESCRIPTION ----------- - -This is reference information for the core git commands. - -Before reading this cover to cover, you may want to take a look -at the link:tutorial.html[tutorial] document. - -The <> section below contains much useful definition and -clarification info - read that first. And of the commands, I suggest -reading gitlink:git-update-index[1] and -gitlink:git-read-tree[1] first - I wish I had! - -If you are migrating from CVS, link:cvs-migration.html[cvs migration] -document may be helpful after you finish the tutorial. +'git' is both a program and a directory content tracker system. +The program 'git' is just a wrapper to reach the core git programs +(or a potty if you like, as it's not exactly porcelain but still +brings your stuff to the plumbing). + +OPTIONS +------- +--version:: + Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from. + +--help:: + Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used + commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up + the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is + given then all available commands are printed. + +--exec-path:: + Path to wherever your core git programs are installed. + This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH + environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print + the current setting and then exit. + + +NOT LEARNING CORE GIT COMMANDS +------------------------------ + +This manual is intended to give complete background information +and internal workings of git, which may be too much for most +people. The <> section below contains much useful +definition and clarification - read that first. + +If you are interested in using git to manage (version control) +projects, use link:tutorial.html[The Tutorial] to get you started, +and then link:everyday.html[Everyday GIT] as a guide to the +minimum set of commands you need to know for day-to-day work. +Most likely, that will get you started, and you can go a long +way without knowing the low level details too much. + +The link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] document covers how things +internally work. + +If you are migrating from CVS, link:cvs-migration.html[cvs +migration] document may be helpful after you finish the +tutorial. After you get the general feel from the tutorial and this overview page, you may want to take a look at the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents. -David Greaves -08/05/05 +CORE GIT COMMANDS +----------------- + +If you are writing your own Porcelain, you need to be familiar +with most of the low level commands --- I suggest starting from +gitlink:git-update-index[1] and gitlink:git-read-tree[1]. -Updated by Junio C Hamano on 2005-05-05 to -reflect recent changes. Commands Overview ----------------- The git commands can helpfully be split into those that manipulate -the repository, the cache and the working fileset, those that +the repository, the index and the files in the working tree, those that interrogate and compare them, and those that moves objects and references between repositories. @@ -60,24 +92,26 @@ gitlink:git-apply[1]:: applies it to the working tree. gitlink:git-checkout-index[1]:: - Copy files from the cache to the working directory - Previously this command was known as git-checkout-cache. + Copy files from the index to the working tree. gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]:: - Creates a new commit object + Creates a new commit object. gitlink:git-hash-object[1]:: Computes the object ID from a file. +gitlink:git-index-pack[1]:: + Build pack idx file for an existing packed archive. + gitlink:git-init-db[1]:: - Creates an empty git object database + Creates an empty git object database, or reinitialize an + existing one. gitlink:git-merge-index[1]:: - Runs a merge for files needing merging - Previously this command was known as git-merge-cache. + Runs a merge for files needing merging. gitlink:git-mktag[1]:: - Creates a tag object + Creates a tag object. gitlink:git-pack-objects[1]:: Creates a packed archive of objects. @@ -86,77 +120,80 @@ gitlink:git-prune-packed[1]:: Remove extra objects that are already in pack files. gitlink:git-read-tree[1]:: - Reads tree information into the directory cache + Reads tree information into the index. + +gitlink:git-repo-config[1]:: + Get and set options in .git/config. gitlink:git-unpack-objects[1]:: Unpacks objects out of a packed archive. gitlink:git-update-index[1]:: - Modifies the index or directory cache - Previously this command was known as git-update-cache. + Registers files in the working tree to the index. gitlink:git-write-tree[1]:: - Creates a tree from the current cache + Creates a tree from the index. Interrogation commands ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ gitlink:git-cat-file[1]:: - Provide content or type information for repository objects + Provide content or type/size information for repository objects. + +gitlink:git-describe[1]:: + Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit. gitlink:git-diff-index[1]:: - Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository - Previously this command was known as git-diff-cache. + Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository. gitlink:git-diff-files[1]:: - Compares files in the working tree and the cache + Compares files in the working tree and the index. gitlink:git-diff-stages[1]:: - Compares two "merge stages" in the index file. + Compares two "merge stages" in the index. gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]:: - Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects - -gitlink:git-export[1]:: - Exports each commit and a diff against each of its parents + Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects. gitlink:git-fsck-objects[1]:: - Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database - Previously this command was known as git-fsck-cache. + Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database. gitlink:git-ls-files[1]:: - Information about files in the cache/working directory + Information about files in the index and the working tree. gitlink:git-ls-tree[1]:: - Displays a tree object in human readable form + Displays a tree object in human readable form. gitlink:git-merge-base[1]:: - Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge + Finds as good common ancestors as possible for a merge. -gitlink:git-rev-list[1]:: - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order +gitlink:git-name-rev[1]:: + Find symbolic names for given revs. + +gitlink:git-pack-redundant[1]:: + Find redundant pack files. -gitlink:git-rev-tree[1]:: - Provides the revision tree for one or more commits +gitlink:git-rev-list[1]:: + Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order. gitlink:git-show-index[1]:: Displays contents of a pack idx file. gitlink:git-tar-tree[1]:: - Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree + Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree object. gitlink:git-unpack-file[1]:: - Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents + Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents. gitlink:git-var[1]:: - Displays a git logical variable + Displays a git logical variable. gitlink:git-verify-pack[1]:: - Validates packed GIT archive files + Validates packed git archive files. -The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to -touch the working file set - but in general they don't +In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in +the working tree. Synching repositories @@ -164,21 +201,24 @@ Synching repositories gitlink:git-clone-pack[1]:: Clones a repository into the current repository (engine - for ssh and local transport) + for ssh and local transport). gitlink:git-fetch-pack[1]:: - Updates from a remote repository. + Updates from a remote repository (engine for ssh and + local transport). gitlink:git-http-fetch[1]:: - Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP - Previously this command was known as git-http-pull. + Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP by walking + commit chain. gitlink:git-local-fetch[1]:: - Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system - Previously this command was known as git-local-pull. + Duplicates another git repository on a local system by + walking commit chain. gitlink:git-peek-remote[1]:: - Lists references on a remote repository using upload-pack protocol. + Lists references on a remote repository using + upload-pack protocol (engine for ssh and local + transport). gitlink:git-receive-pack[1]:: Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it. @@ -186,13 +226,18 @@ gitlink:git-receive-pack[1]:: gitlink:git-send-pack[1]:: Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently. +gitlink:git-http-push[1]:: + Push missing objects using HTTP/DAV. + +gitlink:git-shell[1]:: + Restricted shell for GIT-only SSH access. + gitlink:git-ssh-fetch[1]:: - Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection - Previously this command was known as git-ssh-pull. + Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection by + walking commit chain. gitlink:git-ssh-upload[1]:: - Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-fetch - Previously this command was known as git-ssh-push. + Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-fetch. gitlink:git-update-server-info[1]:: Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help @@ -207,111 +252,94 @@ Porcelain-ish Commands ---------------------- gitlink:git-add[1]:: - Add paths to the index file. - Previously this command was known as git-add-script. + Add paths to the index. + +gitlink:git-am[1]:: + Apply patches from a mailbox, but cooler. gitlink:git-applymbox[1]:: - Apply patches from a mailbox. + Apply patches from a mailbox, original version by Linus. gitlink:git-bisect[1]:: - Find the change that introduced a bug. - Previously this command was known as git-bisect-script. + Find the change that introduced a bug by binary search. gitlink:git-branch[1]:: Create and Show branches. - Previously this command was known as git-branch-script. gitlink:git-checkout[1]:: Checkout and switch to a branch. - Previously this command was known as git-checkout-script. gitlink:git-cherry-pick[1]:: Cherry-pick the effect of an existing commit. - Previously this command was known as git-cherry-pick-script. gitlink:git-clone[1]:: Clones a repository into a new directory. - Previously this command was known as git-clone-script. gitlink:git-commit[1]:: Record changes to the repository. - Previously this command was known as git-commit-script. gitlink:git-diff[1]:: Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc. - Previously this command was known as git-diff-script. gitlink:git-fetch[1]:: Download from a remote repository via various protocols. - Previously this command was known as git-fetch-script. gitlink:git-format-patch[1]:: Prepare patches for e-mail submission. - Previously this command was known as git-format-patch-script. gitlink:git-grep[1]:: - Print lines matching a pattern + Print lines matching a pattern. gitlink:git-log[1]:: Shows commit logs. - Previously this command was known as git-log-script. gitlink:git-ls-remote[1]:: Shows references in a remote or local repository. - Previously this command was known as git-ls-remote-script. gitlink:git-merge[1]:: Grand unified merge driver. -gitlink:git-octopus[1]:: - Merge more than two commits. - Previously this command was known as git-octopus-script. +gitlink:git-mv[1]:: + Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink. gitlink:git-pull[1]:: Fetch from and merge with a remote repository. - Previously this command was known as git-pull-script. gitlink:git-push[1]:: Update remote refs along with associated objects. - Previously this command was known as git-push-script. gitlink:git-rebase[1]:: - Rebase local commits to new upstream head. - Previously this command was known as git-rebase-script. - -gitlink:git-rename[1]:: - Rename files and directories. - Previously this command was known as git-rename-script. + Rebase local commits to the updated upstream head. gitlink:git-repack[1]:: Pack unpacked objects in a repository. - Previously this command was known as git-repack-script. + +gitlink:git-rerere[1]:: + Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges. gitlink:git-reset[1]:: Reset current HEAD to the specified state. - Previously this command was known as git-reset-script. gitlink:git-resolve[1]:: Merge two commits. - Previously this command was known as git-resolve-script. gitlink:git-revert[1]:: Revert an existing commit. - Previously this command was known as git-revert-script. gitlink:git-shortlog[1]:: Summarizes 'git log' output. +gitlink:git-show[1]:: + Show one commit log and its diff. + gitlink:git-show-branch[1]:: Show branches and their commits. gitlink:git-status[1]:: Shows the working tree status. - Previously this command was known as git-status-script. gitlink:git-verify-tag[1]:: Check the GPG signature of tag. - Previously this command was known as git-verify-tag-script. gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]:: Shows commit logs and differences they introduce. @@ -326,78 +354,87 @@ gitlink:git-applypatch[1]:: gitlink:git-archimport[1]:: Import an arch repository into git. - Previously this command was known as git-archimport-script. gitlink:git-convert-objects[1]:: - Converts old-style GIT repository - Previously this command was known as git-convert-cache. + Converts old-style git repository. gitlink:git-cvsimport[1]:: Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate. - Previously this command was known as git-cvsimport-script. + +gitlink:git-cvsexportcommit[1]:: + Export a single commit to a CVS checkout. + +gitlink:git-lost-found[1]:: + Recover lost refs that luckily have not yet been pruned. gitlink:git-merge-one-file[1]:: - The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-index" - Previously this command was known as git-merge-one-file-script. + The standard helper program to use with `git-merge-index`. gitlink:git-prune[1]:: - Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database - Previously this command was known as git-prune-script. + Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database. gitlink:git-relink[1]:: Hardlink common objects in local repositories. - Previously this command was known as git-relink-script. + +gitlink:git-svnimport[1]:: + Import a SVN repository into git. gitlink:git-sh-setup[1]:: Common git shell script setup code. - Previously this command was known as git-sh-setup-script. + +gitlink:git-symbolic-ref[1]:: + Read and modify symbolic refs. gitlink:git-tag[1]:: - An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG - Previously this command was known as git-tag-script. + An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG. + +gitlink:git-update-ref[1]:: + Update the object name stored in a ref safely. Interrogators: +gitlink:git-check-ref-format[1]:: + Make sure ref name is well formed. + gitlink:git-cherry[1]:: Find commits not merged upstream. gitlink:git-count-objects[1]:: Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption. - Previously this command was known as git-count-objects-script. gitlink:git-daemon[1]:: - A really simple server for GIT repositories. - -gitlink:git-diff-helper[1]:: - Generates patch format output for git-diff-* + A really simple server for git repositories. gitlink:git-get-tar-commit-id[1]:: Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-tar-tree. gitlink:git-mailinfo[1]:: - Extracts patch from a single e-mail message. + Extracts patch and authorship information from a single + e-mail message, optionally transliterating the commit + message into utf-8. gitlink:git-mailsplit[1]:: - git-mailsplit. + A stupid program to split UNIX mbox format mailbox into + individual pieces of e-mail. gitlink:git-patch-id[1]:: Compute unique ID for a patch. gitlink:git-parse-remote[1]:: - Routines to help parsing $GIT_DIR/remotes/ - Previously this command was known as git-parse-remote-script. + Routines to help parsing `$GIT_DIR/remotes/` files. gitlink:git-request-pull[1]:: git-request-pull. - Previously this command was known as git-request-pull-script. gitlink:git-rev-parse[1]:: Pick out and massage parameters. gitlink:git-send-email[1]:: Send patch e-mails out of "format-patch --mbox" output. - Previously this command was known as git-send-email-script. + +gitlink:git-symbolic-ref[1]:: + Read and modify symbolic refs. gitlink:git-stripspace[1]:: Filter out empty lines. @@ -407,36 +444,65 @@ Commands not yet documented --------------------------- gitlink:gitk[1]:: - gitk. + The gitk repository browser. + + +Configuration Mechanism +----------------------- + +Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file +is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a +simple text file modelled after `.ini` format familiar to some +people. Here is an example: + +------------ +# +# A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment. +# + +; core variables +[core] + ; Don't trust file modes + filemode = false + +; user identity +[user] + name = "Junio C Hamano" + email = "junkio@twinsun.com" + +------------ + +Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust +their operation accordingly. Identifier Terminology ---------------------- :: - Indicates the sha1 identifier for any type of object + Indicates the object name for any type of object. :: - Indicates a blob object sha1 identifier + Indicates a blob object name. :: - Indicates a tree object sha1 identifier + Indicates a tree object name. :: - Indicates a commit object sha1 identifier + Indicates a commit object name. :: - Indicates a tree, commit or tag object sha1 identifier. A + Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A command that takes a argument ultimately wants to operate on a object but automatically dereferences and objects that point at a . :: Indicates that an object type is required. - Currently one of: blob/tree/commit/tag + Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`. :: - Indicates a filename - always relative to the root of - the tree structure GIT_INDEX_FILE describes. + Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the + root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes. Symbolic Identifiers -------------------- @@ -444,17 +510,16 @@ Any git command accepting any can also use the following symbolic notation: HEAD:: - indicates the head of the repository (ie the contents of - `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`) + indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the + contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`). + :: - a valid tag 'name'+ - (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/`) + a valid tag 'name' + (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/`). + :: - a valid head 'name'+ - (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/`) -:: - a valid snapshot 'name'+ - (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/snap/`) + a valid head 'name' + (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/`). File/Directory Structure @@ -462,8 +527,10 @@ File/Directory Structure Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document. +Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook. + Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the -GIT_DIR. +`$GIT_DIR`. Terminology @@ -479,12 +546,12 @@ The git Repository ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above -git so take care if using Cogito etc +git so take care if using Cogito etc. 'GIT_INDEX_FILE':: This environment allows the specification of an alternate - cache/index file. If not specified, the default of - `$GIT_DIR/index` is used. + index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index` + is used. 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY':: If the object storage directory is specified via this @@ -500,9 +567,9 @@ git so take care if using Cogito etc written to these directories. 'GIT_DIR':: - If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it specifies - a path to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the - repository. + If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it + specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git` + for the base of the repository. git Commits ~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -524,15 +591,20 @@ git Diffs Discussion[[Discussion]] ------------------------ -include::../README[] +include::README[] -Author ------- -Written by Linus Torvalds and the git-list . +Authors +------- +* git's founding father is Linus Torvalds . +* The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano . +* The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson . +* General upbringing is handled by the git-list . Documentation -------------- -Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list . +The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves +, and later enhanced greatly by the +contributors on the git-list . GIT ---