-=head1 NAME
+=head1 NAME
rrdgraph_rpn - About RPN Math in rrdtool graph
B<RPN>. The idea behind B<RPN> is that you have a stack and push
your data onto this stack. Whenever you execute an operation, it
takes as many elements from the stack as needed. Pushing is done
-implicit so whenever you specify a number or a variable, it gets
-pushed automatically.
+implicitly, so whenever you specify a number or a variable, it gets
+pushed onto the stack automatically.
-At the end of the calculation there should be one and exactly one
+At the end of the calculation there should be one and only one
value left on the stack. This is the outcome of the function and
this is what is put into the I<vname>. For B<CDEF> instructions,
the stack is processed for each data point on the graph. B<VDEF>
For expressions like C<a = b + 3 * 5> you need to multiply 3 with
5 first before you add I<b> to get I<a>. However, with parentheses
you could change this order: C<a = (b + 3) * 5>. In B<RPN>, you
-would do C<a = b, 3, +, 5, *> and need no parentheses.
+would do C<a = b, 3, +, 5, *> without the need for parentheses.
=head1 OPERATORS
B<IF>
-Pops three elements from the stack. If the last element is 0 (false),
-the first value is pushed back onto the stack, otherwise the second
-popped value is pushed back. This does, indeed, mean that any value
-other than 0 is considered to be true.
+Pops three elements from the stack. If the element popped last is 0
+(false), the value popped first is pushed back onto the stack,
+otherwise the value popped second is pushed back. This does, indeed,
+mean that any value other than 0 is considered to be true.
Example: C<A,B,C,IF> should be read as C<if (A) then (B) else (C)>
=item Comparing values
-B<MIN, MAX>
+B<MIN, MAX>
-Pops two elements from the stack and returns the lesser or larger.
-The two numbers shouldn't be I<infinite> or I<unknown>, if they are
-that value is pushed back onto the stack as the result.
+Pops two elements from the stack and returns the smaller or larger,
+respectively. Note that I<infinite> is larger than anything else.
+If one of the input numbers is I<unknown> then the result of the operation will be
+I<unknown> too.
B<LIMIT>
B<SIN, COS, LOG, EXP, SQRT>
-Sine, cosine (input in radians), log, exp (natural logarithm), square root
+Sine and cosine (input in radians), log and exp (natural logarithm),
+square root.
B<ATAN>
-Arctangent. Output in radians.
+Arctangent (output in radians).
+
+B<ATAN2>
+
+Arctangent of y,x components (output in radians).
+This pops one element from the stack, the x (cosine) component, and then
+a second, which is the y (sine) component.
+It then pushes the arctangent of their ratio, resolving the ambiguity between
+quadrants.
+
+Example: C<CDEF:angle=Y,X,ATAN2,RAD2DEG> will convert C<X,Y>
+components into an angle in degrees.
B<FLOOR, CEIL>
-Round down,up to the nearest integer
+Round down or up to the nearest integer.
-Z<>
+B<DEG2RAD, RAD2DEG>
+
+Convert angle in degrees to radians, or radians to degrees.
=item Set Operations
(or reversed) in place on the stack.
Example: C<CDEF:x=v1,v2,v3,v4,v5,v6,6,SORT,POP,5,REV,POP,+,+,+,4,/> will
-compute the average of the values v1..v6 after removing the smallest and
+compute the average of the values v1 to v6 after removing the smallest and
largest.
B<TREND>
delay t0
<--------------->
delay t1
- <--------------->
+ <--------------->
delay t2
<--------------->
- Value at sample (t0) will be the average between (t0-delay) and (t0)
- Value at sample (t1) will be the average between (t1-delay) and (t1)
- Value at sample (t2) will be the average between (t2-delay) and (t2)
+ Value at sample (t0) will be the average between (t0-delay) and (t0)
+ Value at sample (t1) will be the average between (t1-delay) and (t1)
+ Value at sample (t2) will be the average between (t2-delay) and (t2)
=item Special values
B<PREV(vname)>
Pushes an I<unknown> value if this is the first value of a data
-set or otherwise the result of vname variable at the previous time
-step. This allows you to do calculations across the data. This
+set or otherwise the result of the vname variable at the previous time
+step. This allows you to do calculations across the data. This
function cannot be used in B<VDEF> instructions.
B<COUNT>
-Pushes the number 1 if this is the first value of the data set, the
-number 2 if it is the second, and so on. This special value, allows
-you to make calculations based on the position of the value within
+Pushes the number 1 if this is the first value of the data set, the
+number 2 if it is the second, and so on. This special value allows
+you to make calculations based on the position of the value within
the data set. This function cannot be used in B<VDEF> instructions.
Z<>
=item Time
-Time inside RRDtool is measured in seconds since the epoch. This
+Time inside RRDtool is measured in seconds since the epoch. The
epoch is defined to be S<C<Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 UTC 1970>>.
B<NOW>
B<TIME>
-Pushes the time the currently processed value was taken onto the stack.
+Pushes the time the currently processed value was taken at onto the stack.
B<LTIME>
Takes the time as defined by B<TIME>, applies the time zone offset
valid at that time including daylight saving time if your OS supports
it, and pushes the result on the stack. There is an elaborate example
-in the examples section on how to use this.
+in the examples section below on how to use this.
=item Processing the stack directly
=item LAST, FIRST
-Return the last,first value including its time. The time for
-FIRST is actually the start of the corresponding interval, where
-the LAST time component returns the end of the corresponding interval.
+Return the last/first value including its time. The time for
+FIRST is actually the start of the corresponding interval, whereas
+LAST returns the end of the corresponding interval.
Example: C<VDEF:first=mydata,FIRST>
=item TOTAL
Returns the rate from each defined time slot multiplied with the
-step size. This can for instance return total bytes transfered
+step size. This can, for instance, return total bytes transfered
when you have logged bytes per second. The time component returns
-the amount of seconds
+the number of seconds.
Example: C<VDEF:total=mydata,TOTAL>
=item PERCENT
-Should follow a B<DEF> or B<CDEF> I<vname>. This I<vname> is popped,
+This should follow a B<DEF> or B<CDEF> I<vname>. The I<vname> is popped,
another number is popped which is a certain percentage (0..100). The
data set is then sorted and the value returned is chosen such that
I<percentage> percent of the values is lower or equal than the result.
Example: C<VDEF:perc95=mydata,95,PERCENT>
+=item LSLSLOPE, LSLINT, LSLCORREL
+
+Return the parameters for a B<L>east B<S>quares B<L>ine I<(y = mx +b)>
+which approximate the provided dataset. LSLSLOPE is the slope I<(m)> of
+the line related to the COUNT position of the data. LSLINT is the
+y-intercept I<(b)>, which happens also to be the first data point on the
+graph. LSLCORREL is the Correlation Coefficient (also know as Pearson's
+Product Moment Correlation Coefficient). It will range from 0 to +/-1
+and represents the quality of fit for the approximation.
+
+Example: C<VDEF:slope=mydata,LSLSLOPE>
+
=back
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<rrdgraph> gives an overview of how B<rrdtool graph> works.
-L<rrdgraph_data> describes B<DEF>,B<CDEF> and B<VDEF> in detail,
-L<rrdgraph_rpn> describes the B<RPN> language used in the B<?DEF> statements,
+L<rrdgraph_data> describes B<DEF>,B<CDEF> and B<VDEF> in detail.
+L<rrdgraph_rpn> describes the B<RPN> language used in the B<?DEF> statements.
L<rrdgraph_graph> page describes all of the graph and print functions.
Make sure to read L<rrdgraph_examples> for tipsE<amp>tricks.
projects / rrdtool.git / blobdiff