rrdtool plugin: Make sure "cache_timeout + random_variation" dosn't get negative.
[collectd.git] / src / rrdtool.c
index 7cf2436..b366a9c 100644 (file)
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 /**
  * collectd - src/rrdtool.c
  * Copyright (C) 2006-2008  Florian octo Forster
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2008  Sebastian Harl
+ * Copyright (C) 2009       Mariusz Gronczewski
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
  *
  * Authors:
  *   Florian octo Forster <octo at verplant.org>
+ *   Sebastian Harl <sh at tokkee.org>
+ *   Mariusz Gronczewski <xani666 at gmail.com>
  **/
 
 #include "collectd.h"
 #include "plugin.h"
 #include "common.h"
 #include "utils_avltree.h"
+#include "utils_rrdcreate.h"
 
 #include <rrd.h>
 
  */
 struct rrd_cache_s
 {
-       int    values_num;
-       char **values;
-       time_t first_value;
-       time_t last_value;
+       int      values_num;
+       char   **values;
+       cdtime_t first_value;
+       cdtime_t last_value;
+       int64_t  random_variation;
        enum
        {
                FLAG_NONE   = 0x00,
-               FLAG_QUEUED = 0x01
+               FLAG_QUEUED = 0x01,
+               FLAG_FLUSHQ = 0x02
        } flags;
 };
 typedef struct rrd_cache_s rrd_cache_t;
@@ -64,27 +71,6 @@ typedef struct rrd_queue_s rrd_queue_t;
 /*
  * Private variables
  */
-static int rra_timespans[] =
-{
-       3600,
-       86400,
-       604800,
-       2678400,
-       31622400
-};
-static int rra_timespans_num = STATIC_ARRAY_SIZE (rra_timespans);
-
-static int *rra_timespans_custom = NULL;
-static int rra_timespans_custom_num = 0;
-
-static char *rra_types[] =
-{
-       "AVERAGE",
-       "MIN",
-       "MAX"
-};
-static int rra_types_num = STATIC_ARRAY_SIZE (rra_types);
-
 static const char *config_keys[] =
 {
        "CacheTimeout",
@@ -94,30 +80,46 @@ static const char *config_keys[] =
        "HeartBeat",
        "RRARows",
        "RRATimespan",
-       "XFF"
+       "XFF",
+       "WritesPerSecond",
+       "RandomTimeout"
 };
 static int config_keys_num = STATIC_ARRAY_SIZE (config_keys);
 
 /* If datadir is zero, the daemon's basedir is used. If stepsize or heartbeat
  * is zero a default, depending on the `interval' member of the value list is
  * being used. */
-static char   *datadir   = NULL;
-static int     stepsize  = 0;
-static int     heartbeat = 0;
-static int     rrarows   = 1200;
-static double  xff       = 0.1;
+static char *datadir   = NULL;
+static double write_rate = 0.0;
+static rrdcreate_config_t rrdcreate_config =
+{
+       /* stepsize = */ 0,
+       /* heartbeat = */ 0,
+       /* rrarows = */ 1200,
+       /* xff = */ 0.1,
+
+       /* timespans = */ NULL,
+       /* timespans_num = */ 0,
+
+       /* consolidation_functions = */ NULL,
+       /* consolidation_functions_num = */ 0
+};
 
 /* XXX: If you need to lock both, cache_lock and queue_lock, at the same time,
  * ALWAYS lock `cache_lock' first! */
-static int         cache_timeout = 0;
-static int         cache_flush_timeout = 0;
-static time_t      cache_flush_last;
+static cdtime_t    cache_timeout = 0;
+static cdtime_t    cache_flush_timeout = 0;
+static cdtime_t    random_timeout = TIME_T_TO_CDTIME_T (1);
+static cdtime_t    cache_flush_last;
 static c_avl_tree_t *cache = NULL;
 static pthread_mutex_t cache_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 
 static rrd_queue_t    *queue_head = NULL;
 static rrd_queue_t    *queue_tail = NULL;
-static pthread_t       queue_thread = 0;
+static rrd_queue_t    *flushq_head = NULL;
+static rrd_queue_t    *flushq_tail = NULL;
+static pthread_t       queue_thread;
+static int             queue_thread_running = 1;
 static pthread_mutex_t queue_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 static pthread_cond_t  queue_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
 
@@ -127,233 +129,7 @@ static pthread_mutex_t librrd_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 
 static int do_shutdown = 0;
 
-/* * * * * * * * * *
- * WARNING:  Magic *
- * * * * * * * * * */
-
-static void rra_free (int rra_num, char **rra_def)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < rra_num; i++)
-       {
-               sfree (rra_def[i]);
-       }
-       sfree (rra_def);
-} /* void rra_free */
-
-static int rra_get (char ***ret, const value_list_t *vl)
-{
-       char **rra_def;
-       int rra_num;
-
-       int *rts;
-       int  rts_num;
-
-       int rra_max;
-
-       int span;
-
-       int cdp_num;
-       int cdp_len;
-       int i, j;
-
-       char buffer[64];
-
-       /* The stepsize we use here: If it is user-set, use it. If not, use the
-        * interval of the value-list. */
-       int ss;
-
-       if (rrarows <= 0)
-       {
-               *ret = NULL;
-               return (-1);
-       }
-
-       ss = (stepsize > 0) ? stepsize : vl->interval;
-       if (ss <= 0)
-       {
-               *ret = NULL;
-               return (-1);
-       }
-
-       /* Use the configured timespans or fall back to the built-in defaults */
-       if (rra_timespans_custom_num != 0)
-       {
-               rts = rra_timespans_custom;
-               rts_num = rra_timespans_custom_num;
-       }
-       else
-       {
-               rts = rra_timespans;
-               rts_num = rra_timespans_num;
-       }
-
-       rra_max = rts_num * rra_types_num;
-
-       if ((rra_def = (char **) malloc ((rra_max + 1) * sizeof (char *))) == NULL)
-               return (-1);
-       memset (rra_def, '\0', (rra_max + 1) * sizeof (char *));
-       rra_num = 0;
-
-       cdp_len = 0;
-       for (i = 0; i < rts_num; i++)
-       {
-               span = rts[i];
-
-               if ((span / ss) < rrarows)
-                       span = ss * rrarows;
-
-               if (cdp_len == 0)
-                       cdp_len = 1;
-               else
-                       cdp_len = (int) floor (((double) span)
-                                       / ((double) (rrarows * ss)));
-
-               cdp_num = (int) ceil (((double) span)
-                               / ((double) (cdp_len * ss)));
-
-               for (j = 0; j < rra_types_num; j++)
-               {
-                       if (rra_num >= rra_max)
-                               break;
-
-                       if (ssnprintf (buffer, sizeof (buffer), "RRA:%s:%3.1f:%u:%u",
-                                               rra_types[j], xff,
-                                               cdp_len, cdp_num) >= sizeof (buffer))
-                       {
-                               ERROR ("rra_get: Buffer would have been truncated.");
-                               continue;
-                       }
-
-                       rra_def[rra_num++] = sstrdup (buffer);
-               }
-       }
-
-#if COLLECT_DEBUG
-       DEBUG ("rra_num = %i", rra_num);
-       for (i = 0; i < rra_num; i++)
-               DEBUG ("  %s", rra_def[i]);
-#endif
-
-       *ret = rra_def;
-       return (rra_num);
-} /* int rra_get */
-
-static void ds_free (int ds_num, char **ds_def)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < ds_num; i++)
-               if (ds_def[i] != NULL)
-                       free (ds_def[i]);
-       free (ds_def);
-}
-
-static int ds_get (char ***ret, const data_set_t *ds, const value_list_t *vl)
-{
-       char **ds_def;
-       int ds_num;
-
-       char min[32];
-       char max[32];
-       char buffer[128];
-
-       DEBUG ("ds->ds_num = %i", ds->ds_num);
-
-       ds_def = (char **) malloc (ds->ds_num * sizeof (char *));
-       if (ds_def == NULL)
-       {
-               char errbuf[1024];
-               ERROR ("rrdtool plugin: malloc failed: %s",
-                               sstrerror (errno, errbuf, sizeof (errbuf)));
-               return (-1);
-       }
-       memset (ds_def, '\0', ds->ds_num * sizeof (char *));
-
-       for (ds_num = 0; ds_num < ds->ds_num; ds_num++)
-       {
-               data_source_t *d = ds->ds + ds_num;
-               char *type;
-               int status;
-
-               ds_def[ds_num] = NULL;
-
-               if (d->type == DS_TYPE_COUNTER)
-                       type = "COUNTER";
-               else if (d->type == DS_TYPE_GAUGE)
-                       type = "GAUGE";
-               else
-               {
-                       ERROR ("rrdtool plugin: Unknown DS type: %i",
-                                       d->type);
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               if (isnan (d->min))
-               {
-                       sstrncpy (min, "U", sizeof (min));
-               }
-               else
-                       ssnprintf (min, sizeof (min), "%lf", d->min);
-
-               if (isnan (d->max))
-               {
-                       sstrncpy (max, "U", sizeof (max));
-               }
-               else
-                       ssnprintf (max, sizeof (max), "%lf", d->max);
-
-               status = ssnprintf (buffer, sizeof (buffer),
-                               "DS:%s:%s:%i:%s:%s",
-                               d->name, type,
-                               (heartbeat > 0) ? heartbeat : (2 * vl->interval),
-                               min, max);
-               if ((status < 1) || (status >= sizeof (buffer)))
-                       break;
-
-               ds_def[ds_num] = sstrdup (buffer);
-       } /* for ds_num = 0 .. ds->ds_num */
-
-#if COLLECT_DEBUG
-{
-       int i;
-       DEBUG ("ds_num = %i", ds_num);
-       for (i = 0; i < ds_num; i++)
-               DEBUG ("  %s", ds_def[i]);
-}
-#endif
-
-       if (ds_num != ds->ds_num)
-       {
-               ds_free (ds_num, ds_def);
-               return (-1);
-       }
-
-       *ret = ds_def;
-       return (ds_num);
-}
-
 #if HAVE_THREADSAFE_LIBRRD
-static int srrd_create (char *filename, unsigned long pdp_step, time_t last_up,
-               int argc, const char **argv)
-{
-       int status;
-
-       optind = 0; /* bug in librrd? */
-       rrd_clear_error ();
-
-       status = rrd_create_r (filename, pdp_step, last_up, argc, (void *) argv);
-
-       if (status != 0)
-       {
-               WARNING ("rrdtool plugin: rrd_create_r (%s) failed: %s",
-                               filename, rrd_get_error ());
-       }
-
-       return (status);
-} /* int srrd_create */
-
 static int srrd_update (char *filename, char *template,
                int argc, const char **argv)
 {
@@ -375,59 +151,6 @@ static int srrd_update (char *filename, char *template,
 /* #endif HAVE_THREADSAFE_LIBRRD */
 
 #else /* !HAVE_THREADSAFE_LIBRRD */
-static int srrd_create (char *filename, unsigned long pdp_step, time_t last_up,
-               int argc, const char **argv)
-{
-       int status;
-
-       int new_argc;
-       char **new_argv;
-
-       char pdp_step_str[16];
-       char last_up_str[16];
-
-       new_argc = 6 + argc;
-       new_argv = (char **) malloc ((new_argc + 1) * sizeof (char *));
-       if (new_argv == NULL)
-       {
-               ERROR ("rrdtool plugin: malloc failed.");
-               return (-1);
-       }
-
-       if (last_up == 0)
-               last_up = time (NULL) - 10;
-
-       ssnprintf (pdp_step_str, sizeof (pdp_step_str), "%lu", pdp_step);
-       ssnprintf (last_up_str, sizeof (last_up_str), "%u", (unsigned int) last_up);
-
-       new_argv[0] = "create";
-       new_argv[1] = filename;
-       new_argv[2] = "-s";
-       new_argv[3] = pdp_step_str;
-       new_argv[4] = "-b";
-       new_argv[5] = last_up_str;
-
-       memcpy (new_argv + 6, argv, argc * sizeof (char *));
-       new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
-       
-       pthread_mutex_lock (&librrd_lock);
-       optind = 0; /* bug in librrd? */
-       rrd_clear_error ();
-
-       status = rrd_create (new_argc, new_argv);
-       pthread_mutex_unlock (&librrd_lock);
-
-       if (status != 0)
-       {
-               WARNING ("rrdtool plugin: rrd_create (%s) failed: %s",
-                               filename, rrd_get_error ());
-       }
-
-       sfree (new_argv);
-
-       return (status);
-} /* int srrd_create */
-
 static int srrd_update (char *filename, char *template,
                int argc, const char **argv)
 {
@@ -471,68 +194,18 @@ static int srrd_update (char *filename, char *template,
 } /* int srrd_update */
 #endif /* !HAVE_THREADSAFE_LIBRRD */
 
-static int rrd_create_file (char *filename, const data_set_t *ds, const value_list_t *vl)
-{
-       char **argv;
-       int argc;
-       char **rra_def;
-       int rra_num;
-       char **ds_def;
-       int ds_num;
-       int status = 0;
-
-       if (check_create_dir (filename))
-               return (-1);
-
-       if ((rra_num = rra_get (&rra_def, vl)) < 1)
-       {
-               ERROR ("rrd_create_file failed: Could not calculate RRAs");
-               return (-1);
-       }
-
-       if ((ds_num = ds_get (&ds_def, ds, vl)) < 1)
-       {
-               ERROR ("rrd_create_file failed: Could not calculate DSes");
-               return (-1);
-       }
-
-       argc = ds_num + rra_num;
-
-       if ((argv = (char **) malloc (sizeof (char *) * (argc + 1))) == NULL)
-       {
-               char errbuf[1024];
-               ERROR ("rrd_create failed: %s",
-                               sstrerror (errno, errbuf, sizeof (errbuf)));
-               return (-1);
-       }
-
-       memcpy (argv, ds_def, ds_num * sizeof (char *));
-       memcpy (argv + ds_num, rra_def, rra_num * sizeof (char *));
-       argv[ds_num + rra_num] = NULL;
-
-       assert (vl->time > 10);
-       status = srrd_create (filename,
-                       (stepsize > 0) ? stepsize : vl->interval,
-                       vl->time - 10,
-                       argc, (const char **)argv);
-
-       free (argv);
-       ds_free (ds_num, ds_def);
-       rra_free (rra_num, rra_def);
-
-       return (status);
-}
-
 static int value_list_to_string (char *buffer, int buffer_len,
                const data_set_t *ds, const value_list_t *vl)
 {
        int offset;
        int status;
+       time_t tt;
        int i;
 
        memset (buffer, '\0', buffer_len);
 
-       status = ssnprintf (buffer, buffer_len, "%u", (unsigned int) vl->time);
+       tt = CDTIME_T_TO_TIME_T (vl->time);
+       status = ssnprintf (buffer, buffer_len, "%u", (unsigned int) tt);
        if ((status < 1) || (status >= buffer_len))
                return (-1);
        offset = status;
@@ -540,15 +213,23 @@ static int value_list_to_string (char *buffer, int buffer_len,
        for (i = 0; i < ds->ds_num; i++)
        {
                if ((ds->ds[i].type != DS_TYPE_COUNTER)
-                               && (ds->ds[i].type != DS_TYPE_GAUGE))
+                               && (ds->ds[i].type != DS_TYPE_GAUGE)
+                               && (ds->ds[i].type != DS_TYPE_DERIVE)
+                               && (ds->ds[i].type != DS_TYPE_ABSOLUTE))
                        return (-1);
 
                if (ds->ds[i].type == DS_TYPE_COUNTER)
                        status = ssnprintf (buffer + offset, buffer_len - offset,
                                        ":%llu", vl->values[i].counter);
-               else
+               else if (ds->ds[i].type == DS_TYPE_GAUGE)
                        status = ssnprintf (buffer + offset, buffer_len - offset,
                                        ":%lf", vl->values[i].gauge);
+               else if (ds->ds[i].type == DS_TYPE_DERIVE)
+                       status = ssnprintf (buffer + offset, buffer_len - offset,
+                                       ":%"PRIi64, vl->values[i].derive);
+               else /*if (ds->ds[i].type == DS_TYPE_ABSOLUTE) */
+                       status = ssnprintf (buffer + offset, buffer_len - offset,
+                                       ":%"PRIu64, vl->values[i].absolute);
 
                if ((status < 1) || (status >= (buffer_len - offset)))
                        return (-1);
@@ -560,7 +241,7 @@ static int value_list_to_string (char *buffer, int buffer_len,
 } /* int value_list_to_string */
 
 static int value_list_to_filename (char *buffer, int buffer_len,
-               const data_set_t *ds, const value_list_t *vl)
+               const data_set_t __attribute__((unused)) *ds, const value_list_t *vl)
 {
        int offset = 0;
        int status;
@@ -603,37 +284,96 @@ static int value_list_to_filename (char *buffer, int buffer_len,
        return (0);
 } /* int value_list_to_filename */
 
-static void *rrd_queue_thread (void *data)
+static void *rrd_queue_thread (void __attribute__((unused)) *data)
 {
+        struct timeval tv_next_update;
+        struct timeval tv_now;
+
+        gettimeofday (&tv_next_update, /* timezone = */ NULL);
+
        while (42)
        {
                rrd_queue_t *queue_entry;
                rrd_cache_t *cache_entry;
                char **values;
                int    values_num;
+               int    status;
                int    i;
 
-               /* XXX: If you need to lock both, cache_lock and queue_lock, at
-                * the same time, ALWAYS lock `cache_lock' first! */
-
-               /* wait until an entry is available */
-               pthread_mutex_lock (&queue_lock);
-               while ((queue_head == NULL) && (do_shutdown == 0))
-                       pthread_cond_wait (&queue_cond, &queue_lock);
-
-               /* We're in the shutdown phase */
-               if (queue_head == NULL)
-               {
-                       pthread_mutex_unlock (&queue_lock);
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               /* Dequeue the first entry */
-               queue_entry = queue_head;
-               if (queue_head == queue_tail)
-                       queue_head = queue_tail = NULL;
-               else
-                       queue_head = queue_head->next;
+               values = NULL;
+               values_num = 0;
+
+                pthread_mutex_lock (&queue_lock);
+                /* Wait for values to arrive */
+                while (42)
+                {
+                  struct timespec ts_wait;
+
+                  while ((flushq_head == NULL) && (queue_head == NULL)
+                      && (do_shutdown == 0))
+                    pthread_cond_wait (&queue_cond, &queue_lock);
+
+                  if ((flushq_head == NULL) && (queue_head == NULL))
+                    break;
+
+                  /* Don't delay if there's something to flush */
+                  if (flushq_head != NULL)
+                    break;
+
+                  /* Don't delay if we're shutting down */
+                  if (do_shutdown != 0)
+                    break;
+
+                  /* Don't delay if no delay was configured. */
+                  if (write_rate <= 0.0)
+                    break;
+
+                  gettimeofday (&tv_now, /* timezone = */ NULL);
+                  status = timeval_cmp (tv_next_update, tv_now, NULL);
+                  /* We're good to go */
+                  if (status <= 0)
+                    break;
+
+                  /* We're supposed to wait a bit with this update, so we'll
+                   * wait for the next addition to the queue or to the end of
+                   * the wait period - whichever comes first. */
+                  ts_wait.tv_sec = tv_next_update.tv_sec;
+                  ts_wait.tv_nsec = 1000 * tv_next_update.tv_usec;
+
+                  status = pthread_cond_timedwait (&queue_cond, &queue_lock,
+                      &ts_wait);
+                  if (status == ETIMEDOUT)
+                    break;
+                } /* while (42) */
+
+                /* XXX: If you need to lock both, cache_lock and queue_lock, at
+                 * the same time, ALWAYS lock `cache_lock' first! */
+
+                /* We're in the shutdown phase */
+                if ((flushq_head == NULL) && (queue_head == NULL))
+                {
+                  pthread_mutex_unlock (&queue_lock);
+                  break;
+                }
+
+                if (flushq_head != NULL)
+                {
+                  /* Dequeue the first flush entry */
+                  queue_entry = flushq_head;
+                  if (flushq_head == flushq_tail)
+                    flushq_head = flushq_tail = NULL;
+                  else
+                    flushq_head = flushq_head->next;
+                }
+                else /* if (queue_head != NULL) */
+                {
+                  /* Dequeue the first regular entry */
+                  queue_entry = queue_head;
+                  if (queue_head == queue_tail)
+                    queue_head = queue_tail = NULL;
+                  else
+                    queue_head = queue_head->next;
+                }
 
                /* Unlock the queue again */
                pthread_mutex_unlock (&queue_lock);
@@ -642,22 +382,48 @@ static void *rrd_queue_thread (void *data)
                 * we make a copy of it's values */
                pthread_mutex_lock (&cache_lock);
 
-               c_avl_get (cache, queue_entry->filename, (void *) &cache_entry);
+               status = c_avl_get (cache, queue_entry->filename,
+                               (void *) &cache_entry);
 
-               values = cache_entry->values;
-               values_num = cache_entry->values_num;
+               if (status == 0)
+               {
+                       values = cache_entry->values;
+                       values_num = cache_entry->values_num;
 
-               cache_entry->values = NULL;
-               cache_entry->values_num = 0;
-               cache_entry->flags = FLAG_NONE;
+                       cache_entry->values = NULL;
+                       cache_entry->values_num = 0;
+                       cache_entry->flags = FLAG_NONE;
+               }
 
                pthread_mutex_unlock (&cache_lock);
 
+               if (status != 0)
+               {
+                       sfree (queue_entry->filename);
+                       sfree (queue_entry);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /* Update `tv_next_update' */
+               if (write_rate > 0.0) 
+                {
+                  gettimeofday (&tv_now, /* timezone = */ NULL);
+                  tv_next_update.tv_sec = tv_now.tv_sec;
+                  tv_next_update.tv_usec = tv_now.tv_usec
+                    + ((suseconds_t) (1000000 * write_rate));
+                  while (tv_next_update.tv_usec > 1000000)
+                  {
+                    tv_next_update.tv_sec++;
+                    tv_next_update.tv_usec -= 1000000;
+                  }
+                }
+
                /* Write the values to the RRD-file */
                srrd_update (queue_entry->filename, NULL,
                                values_num, (const char **)values);
-               DEBUG ("rrdtool plugin: queue thread: Wrote %i values to %s",
-                               values_num, queue_entry->filename);
+               DEBUG ("rrdtool plugin: queue thread: Wrote %i value%s to %s",
+                               values_num, (values_num == 1) ? "" : "s",
+                               queue_entry->filename);
 
                for (i = 0; i < values_num; i++)
                {
@@ -668,16 +434,12 @@ static void *rrd_queue_thread (void *data)
                sfree (queue_entry);
        } /* while (42) */
 
-       pthread_mutex_lock (&cache_lock);
-       c_avl_destroy (cache);
-       cache = NULL;
-       pthread_mutex_unlock (&cache_lock);
-
        pthread_exit ((void *) 0);
        return ((void *) 0);
 } /* void *rrd_queue_thread */
 
-static int rrd_queue_cache_entry (const char *filename, rrd_queue_dir_t dir)
+static int rrd_queue_enqueue (const char *filename,
+    rrd_queue_t **head, rrd_queue_t **tail)
 {
   rrd_queue_t *queue_entry;
 
@@ -695,60 +457,66 @@ static int rrd_queue_cache_entry (const char *filename, rrd_queue_dir_t dir)
   queue_entry->next = NULL;
 
   pthread_mutex_lock (&queue_lock);
-  if (dir == QUEUE_INSERT_FRONT)
-  {
-    queue_entry->next = queue_head;
-    queue_head = queue_entry;
-    if (queue_tail == NULL)
-      queue_tail = queue_head;
-  }
-  else /* (dir == QUEUE_INSERT_BACK) */
-  {
-    if (queue_tail == NULL)
-      queue_head = queue_entry;
-    else
-      queue_tail->next = queue_entry;
-    queue_tail = queue_entry;
-  }
+
+  if (*tail == NULL)
+    *head = queue_entry;
+  else
+    (*tail)->next = queue_entry;
+  *tail = queue_entry;
+
   pthread_cond_signal (&queue_cond);
   pthread_mutex_unlock (&queue_lock);
 
-  DEBUG ("rrdtool plugin: Put `%s' into the update queue", filename);
-
   return (0);
-} /* int rrd_queue_cache_entry */
+} /* int rrd_queue_enqueue */
 
-static int rrd_queue_move_to_front (const char *filename)
+static int rrd_queue_dequeue (const char *filename,
+    rrd_queue_t **head, rrd_queue_t **tail)
 {
   rrd_queue_t *this;
   rrd_queue_t *prev;
 
-  this = NULL;
-  prev = NULL;
   pthread_mutex_lock (&queue_lock);
-  for (this = queue_head; this != NULL; this = this->next)
+
+  prev = NULL;
+  this = *head;
+
+  while (this != NULL)
   {
     if (strcmp (this->filename, filename) == 0)
       break;
+    
     prev = this;
+    this = this->next;
   }
 
-  /* Check if we found the entry and if it is NOT the first entry. */
-  if ((this != NULL) && (prev != NULL))
+  if (this == NULL)
   {
-    prev->next = this->next;
-    this->next = queue_head;
-    queue_head = this;
+    pthread_mutex_unlock (&queue_lock);
+    return (-1);
   }
+
+  if (prev == NULL)
+    *head = this->next;
+  else
+    prev->next = this->next;
+
+  if (this->next == NULL)
+    *tail = prev;
+
   pthread_mutex_unlock (&queue_lock);
 
+  sfree (this->filename);
+  sfree (this);
+
   return (0);
-} /* int rrd_queue_move_to_front */
+} /* int rrd_queue_dequeue */
 
-static void rrd_cache_flush (int timeout)
+/* XXX: You must hold "cache_lock" when calling this function! */
+static void rrd_cache_flush (cdtime_t timeout)
 {
        rrd_cache_t *rc;
-       time_t       now;
+       cdtime_t     now;
 
        char **keys = NULL;
        int    keys_num = 0;
@@ -757,21 +525,28 @@ static void rrd_cache_flush (int timeout)
        c_avl_iterator_t *iter;
        int i;
 
-       DEBUG ("rrdtool plugin: Flushing cache, timeout = %i", timeout);
+       DEBUG ("rrdtool plugin: Flushing cache, timeout = %.3f",
+                       CDTIME_T_TO_DOUBLE (timeout));
 
-       now = time (NULL);
+       now = cdtime ();
+       timeout = TIME_T_TO_CDTIME_T (timeout);
 
        /* Build a list of entries to be flushed */
        iter = c_avl_get_iterator (cache);
        while (c_avl_iterator_next (iter, (void *) &key, (void *) &rc) == 0)
        {
-               if (rc->flags == FLAG_QUEUED)
+               if (rc->flags != FLAG_NONE)
                        continue;
-               else if ((now - rc->first_value) < timeout)
+               /* timeout == 0  =>  flush everything */
+               else if ((timeout != 0)
+                               && ((now - rc->first_value) < timeout))
                        continue;
                else if (rc->values_num > 0)
                {
-                       if (rrd_queue_cache_entry (key, QUEUE_INSERT_BACK) == 0)
+                       int status;
+
+                       status = rrd_queue_enqueue (key, &queue_head,  &queue_tail);
+                       if (status == 0)
                                rc->flags = FLAG_QUEUED;
                }
                else /* ancient and no values -> waste of memory */
@@ -817,10 +592,11 @@ static void rrd_cache_flush (int timeout)
        cache_flush_last = now;
 } /* void rrd_cache_flush */
 
-static int rrd_cache_flush_identifier (int timeout, const char *identifier)
+static int rrd_cache_flush_identifier (cdtime_t timeout,
+    const char *identifier)
 {
   rrd_cache_t *rc;
-  time_t now;
+  cdtime_t now;
   int status;
   char key[2048];
 
@@ -830,41 +606,87 @@ static int rrd_cache_flush_identifier (int timeout, const char *identifier)
     return (0);
   }
 
-  now = time (NULL);
+  now = cdtime ();
 
   if (datadir == NULL)
-         snprintf (key, sizeof (key), "%s.rrd",
-                         identifier);
+    snprintf (key, sizeof (key), "%s.rrd",
+        identifier);
   else
-         snprintf (key, sizeof (key), "%s/%s.rrd",
-                         datadir, identifier);
+    snprintf (key, sizeof (key), "%s/%s.rrd",
+        datadir, identifier);
   key[sizeof (key) - 1] = 0;
 
   status = c_avl_get (cache, key, (void *) &rc);
   if (status != 0)
   {
-    WARNING ("rrdtool plugin: rrd_cache_flush_identifier: "
-       "c_avl_get (%s) failed. Does that file really exist?",
-       key);
+    INFO ("rrdtool plugin: rrd_cache_flush_identifier: "
+        "c_avl_get (%s) failed. Does that file really exist?",
+        key);
     return (status);
   }
 
-  if (rc->flags == FLAG_QUEUED)
-    status = rrd_queue_move_to_front (key);
+  if (rc->flags == FLAG_FLUSHQ)
+  {
+    status = 0;
+  }
+  else if (rc->flags == FLAG_QUEUED)
+  {
+    rrd_queue_dequeue (key, &queue_head, &queue_tail);
+    status = rrd_queue_enqueue (key, &flushq_head, &flushq_tail);
+    if (status == 0)
+      rc->flags = FLAG_FLUSHQ;
+  }
   else if ((now - rc->first_value) < timeout)
+  {
     status = 0;
+  }
   else if (rc->values_num > 0)
   {
-    status = rrd_queue_cache_entry (key, QUEUE_INSERT_FRONT);
+    status = rrd_queue_enqueue (key, &flushq_head, &flushq_tail);
     if (status == 0)
-      rc->flags = FLAG_QUEUED;
+      rc->flags = FLAG_FLUSHQ;
   }
 
   return (status);
 } /* int rrd_cache_flush_identifier */
 
+static int64_t rrd_get_random_variation (void)
+{
+  double dbl_timeout;
+  cdtime_t ctm_timeout;
+  double rand_fact;
+  _Bool negative;
+  int64_t ret;
+
+  if (random_timeout <= 0)
+    return (0);
+
+  /* Assure that "cache_timeout + random_variation" is never negative. */
+  if (random_timeout > cache_timeout)
+  {
+         INFO ("rrdtool plugin: Adjusting \"RandomTimeout\" to %.3f seconds.",
+                         CDTIME_T_TO_DOUBLE (cache_timeout));
+         random_timeout = cache_timeout;
+  }
+
+  /* This seems a bit complicated, but "random_timeout" is likely larger than
+   * RAND_MAX, so we can't simply use modulo here. */
+  dbl_timeout = CDTIME_T_TO_DOUBLE (random_timeout);
+  rand_fact = ((double) random ())
+    / ((double) RAND_MAX);
+  negative = (_Bool) (random () % 2);
+
+  ctm_timeout = DOUBLE_TO_CDTIME_T (dbl_timeout * rand_fact);
+
+  ret = (int64_t) ctm_timeout;
+  if (negative)
+    ret *= -1;
+
+  return (ret);
+} /* int64_t rrd_get_random_variation */
+
 static int rrd_cache_insert (const char *filename,
-               const char *value, time_t value_time)
+               const char *value, cdtime_t value_time)
 {
        rrd_cache_t *rc = NULL;
        int new_rc = 0;
@@ -872,17 +694,27 @@ static int rrd_cache_insert (const char *filename,
 
        pthread_mutex_lock (&cache_lock);
 
+       /* This shouldn't happen, but it did happen at least once, so we'll be
+        * careful. */
+       if (cache == NULL)
+       {
+               pthread_mutex_unlock (&cache_lock);
+               WARNING ("rrdtool plugin: cache == NULL.");
+               return (-1);
+       }
+
        c_avl_get (cache, filename, (void *) &rc);
 
        if (rc == NULL)
        {
-               rc = (rrd_cache_t *) malloc (sizeof (rrd_cache_t));
+               rc = malloc (sizeof (*rc));
                if (rc == NULL)
                        return (-1);
                rc->values_num = 0;
                rc->values = NULL;
                rc->first_value = 0;
                rc->last_value = 0;
+               rc->random_variation = rrd_get_random_variation ();
                rc->flags = FLAG_NONE;
                new_rc = 1;
        }
@@ -890,9 +722,9 @@ static int rrd_cache_insert (const char *filename,
        if (rc->last_value >= value_time)
        {
                pthread_mutex_unlock (&cache_lock);
-               WARNING ("rrdtool plugin: (rc->last_value = %u) >= (value_time = %u)",
-                               (unsigned int) rc->last_value,
-                               (unsigned int) value_time);
+               DEBUG ("rrdtool plugin: (rc->last_value = %"PRIu64") "
+                               ">= (value_time = %"PRIu64")",
+                               rc->last_value, value_time);
                return (-1);
        }
 
@@ -949,18 +781,23 @@ static int rrd_cache_insert (const char *filename,
        }
 
        DEBUG ("rrdtool plugin: rrd_cache_insert: file = %s; "
-                       "values_num = %i; age = %lu;",
+                       "values_num = %i; age = %.3f;",
                        filename, rc->values_num,
-                       (unsigned long)(rc->last_value - rc->first_value));
+                       CDTIME_T_TO_DOUBLE (rc->last_value - rc->first_value));
 
-       if ((rc->last_value - rc->first_value) >= cache_timeout)
+       if ((rc->last_value - rc->first_value) >= (cache_timeout + rc->random_variation))
        {
                /* XXX: If you need to lock both, cache_lock and queue_lock, at
                 * the same time, ALWAYS lock `cache_lock' first! */
-               if (rc->flags != FLAG_QUEUED)
+               if (rc->flags == FLAG_NONE)
                {
-                       if (rrd_queue_cache_entry (filename, QUEUE_INSERT_BACK) == 0)
+                       int status;
+
+                       status = rrd_queue_enqueue (filename, &queue_head, &queue_tail);
+                       if (status == 0)
                                rc->flags = FLAG_QUEUED;
+
+                        rc->random_variation = rrd_get_random_variation ();
                }
                else
                {
@@ -969,15 +806,67 @@ static int rrd_cache_insert (const char *filename,
        }
 
        if ((cache_timeout > 0) &&
-                       ((time (NULL) - cache_flush_last) > cache_flush_timeout))
+                       ((cdtime () - cache_flush_last) > cache_flush_timeout))
                rrd_cache_flush (cache_flush_timeout);
 
-
        pthread_mutex_unlock (&cache_lock);
 
        return (0);
 } /* int rrd_cache_insert */
 
+static int rrd_cache_destroy (void) /* {{{ */
+{
+  void *key = NULL;
+  void *value = NULL;
+
+  int non_empty = 0;
+
+  pthread_mutex_lock (&cache_lock);
+
+  if (cache == NULL)
+  {
+    pthread_mutex_unlock (&cache_lock);
+    return (0);
+  }
+
+  while (c_avl_pick (cache, &key, &value) == 0)
+  {
+    rrd_cache_t *rc;
+    int i;
+
+    sfree (key);
+    key = NULL;
+
+    rc = value;
+    value = NULL;
+
+    if (rc->values_num > 0)
+      non_empty++;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < rc->values_num; i++)
+      sfree (rc->values[i]);
+    sfree (rc->values);
+    sfree (rc);
+  }
+
+  c_avl_destroy (cache);
+  cache = NULL;
+
+  if (non_empty > 0)
+  {
+    INFO ("rrdtool plugin: %i cache %s had values when destroying the cache.",
+        non_empty, (non_empty == 1) ? "entry" : "entries");
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    DEBUG ("rrdtool plugin: No values have been lost "
+        "when destroying the cache.");
+  }
+
+  pthread_mutex_unlock (&cache_lock);
+  return (0);
+} /* }}} int rrd_cache_destroy */
+
 static int rrd_compare_numeric (const void *a_ptr, const void *b_ptr)
 {
        int a = *((int *) a_ptr);
@@ -991,13 +880,17 @@ static int rrd_compare_numeric (const void *a_ptr, const void *b_ptr)
                return (0);
 } /* int rrd_compare_numeric */
 
-static int rrd_write (const data_set_t *ds, const value_list_t *vl)
+static int rrd_write (const data_set_t *ds, const value_list_t *vl,
+               user_data_t __attribute__((unused)) *user_data)
 {
        struct stat  statbuf;
        char         filename[512];
        char         values[512];
        int          status;
 
+       if (do_shutdown)
+               return (0);
+
        if (0 != strcmp (ds->type, vl->type)) {
                ERROR ("rrdtool plugin: DS type does not match value list type");
                return -1;
@@ -1013,7 +906,9 @@ static int rrd_write (const data_set_t *ds, const value_list_t *vl)
        {
                if (errno == ENOENT)
                {
-                       if (rrd_create_file (filename, ds, vl))
+                       status = cu_rrd_create_file (filename,
+                                       ds, vl, &rrdcreate_config);
+                       if (status != 0)
                                return (-1);
                }
                else
@@ -1037,7 +932,8 @@ static int rrd_write (const data_set_t *ds, const value_list_t *vl)
        return (status);
 } /* int rrd_write */
 
-static int rrd_flush (int timeout, const char *identifier)
+static int rrd_flush (cdtime_t timeout, const char *identifier,
+               __attribute__((unused)) user_data_t *user_data)
 {
        pthread_mutex_lock (&cache_lock);
 
@@ -1056,14 +952,16 @@ static int rrd_config (const char *key, const char *value)
 {
        if (strcasecmp ("CacheTimeout", key) == 0)
        {
-               int tmp = atoi (value);
+               double tmp = atof (value);
                if (tmp < 0)
                {
                        fprintf (stderr, "rrdtool: `CacheTimeout' must "
                                        "be greater than 0.\n");
+                       ERROR ("rrdtool: `CacheTimeout' must "
+                                       "be greater than 0.\n");
                        return (1);
                }
-               cache_timeout = tmp;
+               cache_timeout = DOUBLE_TO_CDTIME_T (tmp);
        }
        else if (strcasecmp ("CacheFlush", key) == 0)
        {
@@ -1072,6 +970,8 @@ static int rrd_config (const char *key, const char *value)
                {
                        fprintf (stderr, "rrdtool: `CacheFlush' must "
                                        "be greater than 0.\n");
+                       ERROR ("rrdtool: `CacheFlush' must "
+                                       "be greater than 0.\n");
                        return (1);
                }
                cache_flush_timeout = tmp;
@@ -1098,15 +998,15 @@ static int rrd_config (const char *key, const char *value)
        }
        else if (strcasecmp ("StepSize", key) == 0)
        {
-               stepsize = atoi (value);
-               if (stepsize < 0)
-                       stepsize = 0;
+               int temp = atoi (value);
+               if (temp > 0)
+                       rrdcreate_config.stepsize = temp;
        }
        else if (strcasecmp ("HeartBeat", key) == 0)
        {
-               heartbeat = atoi (value);
-               if (heartbeat < 0)
-                       heartbeat = 0;
+               int temp = atoi (value);
+               if (temp > 0)
+                       rrdcreate_config.heartbeat = temp;
        }
        else if (strcasecmp ("RRARows", key) == 0)
        {
@@ -1115,9 +1015,11 @@ static int rrd_config (const char *key, const char *value)
                {
                        fprintf (stderr, "rrdtool: `RRARows' must "
                                        "be greater than 0.\n");
+                       ERROR ("rrdtool: `RRARows' must "
+                                       "be greater than 0.\n");
                        return (1);
                }
-               rrarows = tmp;
+               rrdcreate_config.rrarows = tmp;
        }
        else if (strcasecmp ("RRATimespan", key) == 0)
        {
@@ -1136,23 +1038,24 @@ static int rrd_config (const char *key, const char *value)
                {
                        dummy = NULL;
                        
-                       tmp_alloc = realloc (rra_timespans_custom,
-                                       sizeof (int) * (rra_timespans_custom_num + 1));
+                       tmp_alloc = realloc (rrdcreate_config.timespans,
+                                       sizeof (int) * (rrdcreate_config.timespans_num + 1));
                        if (tmp_alloc == NULL)
                        {
                                fprintf (stderr, "rrdtool: realloc failed.\n");
+                               ERROR ("rrdtool: realloc failed.\n");
                                free (value_copy);
                                return (1);
                        }
-                       rra_timespans_custom = tmp_alloc;
-                       rra_timespans_custom[rra_timespans_custom_num] = atoi (ptr);
-                       if (rra_timespans_custom[rra_timespans_custom_num] != 0)
-                               rra_timespans_custom_num++;
+                       rrdcreate_config.timespans = tmp_alloc;
+                       rrdcreate_config.timespans[rrdcreate_config.timespans_num] = atoi (ptr);
+                       if (rrdcreate_config.timespans[rrdcreate_config.timespans_num] != 0)
+                               rrdcreate_config.timespans_num++;
                } /* while (strtok_r) */
 
-               qsort (/* base = */ rra_timespans_custom,
-                               /* nmemb  = */ rra_timespans_custom_num,
-                               /* size   = */ sizeof (rra_timespans_custom[0]),
+               qsort (/* base = */ rrdcreate_config.timespans,
+                               /* nmemb  = */ rrdcreate_config.timespans_num,
+                               /* size   = */ sizeof (rrdcreate_config.timespans[0]),
                                /* compar = */ rrd_compare_numeric);
 
                free (value_copy);
@@ -1164,9 +1067,47 @@ static int rrd_config (const char *key, const char *value)
                {
                        fprintf (stderr, "rrdtool: `XFF' must "
                                        "be in the range 0 to 1 (exclusive).");
+                       ERROR ("rrdtool: `XFF' must "
+                                       "be in the range 0 to 1 (exclusive).");
                        return (1);
                }
-               xff = tmp;
+               rrdcreate_config.xff = tmp;
+       }
+       else if (strcasecmp ("WritesPerSecond", key) == 0)
+       {
+               double wps = atof (value);
+
+               if (wps < 0.0)
+               {
+                       fprintf (stderr, "rrdtool: `WritesPerSecond' must be "
+                                       "greater than or equal to zero.");
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               else if (wps == 0.0)
+               {
+                       write_rate = 0.0;
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       write_rate = 1.0 / wps;
+               }
+       }
+       else if (strcasecmp ("RandomTimeout", key) == 0)
+        {
+               double tmp;
+
+               tmp = atof (value);
+               if (tmp < 0.0)
+               {
+                       fprintf (stderr, "rrdtool: `RandomTimeout' must "
+                                       "be greater than or equal to zero.\n");
+                       ERROR ("rrdtool: `RandomTimeout' must "
+                                       "be greater then or equal to zero.");
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       random_timeout = DOUBLE_TO_CDTIME_T (tmp);
+               }
        }
        else
        {
@@ -1178,7 +1119,7 @@ static int rrd_config (const char *key, const char *value)
 static int rrd_shutdown (void)
 {
        pthread_mutex_lock (&cache_lock);
-       rrd_cache_flush (-1);
+       rrd_cache_flush (0);
        pthread_mutex_unlock (&cache_lock);
 
        pthread_mutex_lock (&queue_lock);
@@ -1186,31 +1127,52 @@ static int rrd_shutdown (void)
        pthread_cond_signal (&queue_cond);
        pthread_mutex_unlock (&queue_lock);
 
+       if ((queue_thread_running != 0)
+                       && ((queue_head != NULL) || (flushq_head != NULL)))
+       {
+               INFO ("rrdtool plugin: Shutting down the queue thread. "
+                               "This may take a while.");
+       }
+       else if (queue_thread_running != 0)
+       {
+               INFO ("rrdtool plugin: Shutting down the queue thread.");
+       }
+
        /* Wait for all the values to be written to disk before returning. */
-       if (queue_thread != 0)
+       if (queue_thread_running != 0)
        {
                pthread_join (queue_thread, NULL);
-               queue_thread = 0;
+               memset (&queue_thread, 0, sizeof (queue_thread));
+               queue_thread_running = 0;
                DEBUG ("rrdtool plugin: queue_thread exited.");
        }
 
+       rrd_cache_destroy ();
+
        return (0);
 } /* int rrd_shutdown */
 
 static int rrd_init (void)
 {
+       static int init_once = 0;
        int status;
 
-       if (stepsize < 0)
-               stepsize = 0;
-       if (heartbeat <= 0)
-               heartbeat = 2 * stepsize;
+       if (init_once != 0)
+               return (0);
+       init_once = 1;
+
+       if (rrdcreate_config.stepsize < 0)
+               rrdcreate_config.stepsize = 0;
+       if (rrdcreate_config.heartbeat <= 0)
+               rrdcreate_config.heartbeat = 2 * rrdcreate_config.stepsize;
 
-       if ((heartbeat > 0) && (heartbeat < interval_g))
+       if ((rrdcreate_config.heartbeat > 0)
+                       && (rrdcreate_config.heartbeat < CDTIME_T_TO_TIME_T (interval_g)))
                WARNING ("rrdtool plugin: Your `heartbeat' is "
                                "smaller than your `interval'. This will "
                                "likely cause problems.");
-       else if ((stepsize > 0) && (stepsize < interval_g))
+       else if ((rrdcreate_config.stepsize > 0)
+                       && (rrdcreate_config.stepsize < CDTIME_T_TO_TIME_T (interval_g)))
                WARNING ("rrdtool plugin: Your `stepsize' is "
                                "smaller than your `interval'. This will "
                                "create needlessly big RRD-files.");
@@ -1225,10 +1187,9 @@ static int rrd_init (void)
                return (-1);
        }
 
-       cache_flush_last = time (NULL);
-       if (cache_timeout < 2)
+       cache_flush_last = cdtime ();
+       if (cache_timeout == 0)
        {
-               cache_timeout = 0;
                cache_flush_timeout = 0;
        }
        else if (cache_flush_timeout < cache_timeout)
@@ -1236,17 +1197,22 @@ static int rrd_init (void)
 
        pthread_mutex_unlock (&cache_lock);
 
-       status = pthread_create (&queue_thread, NULL, rrd_queue_thread, NULL);
+       status = pthread_create (&queue_thread, /* attr = */ NULL,
+                       rrd_queue_thread, /* args = */ NULL);
        if (status != 0)
        {
                ERROR ("rrdtool plugin: Cannot create queue-thread.");
                return (-1);
        }
+       queue_thread_running = 1;
 
        DEBUG ("rrdtool plugin: rrd_init: datadir = %s; stepsize = %i;"
                        " heartbeat = %i; rrarows = %i; xff = %lf;",
                        (datadir == NULL) ? "(null)" : datadir,
-                       stepsize, heartbeat, rrarows, xff);
+                       rrdcreate_config.stepsize,
+                       rrdcreate_config.heartbeat,
+                       rrdcreate_config.rrarows,
+                       rrdcreate_config.xff);
 
        return (0);
 } /* int rrd_init */
@@ -1256,7 +1222,7 @@ void module_register (void)
        plugin_register_config ("rrdtool", rrd_config,
                        config_keys, config_keys_num);
        plugin_register_init ("rrdtool", rrd_init);
-       plugin_register_write ("rrdtool", rrd_write);
-       plugin_register_flush ("rrdtool", rrd_flush);
+       plugin_register_write ("rrdtool", rrd_write, /* user_data = */ NULL);
+       plugin_register_flush ("rrdtool", rrd_flush, /* user_data = */ NULL);
        plugin_register_shutdown ("rrdtool", rrd_shutdown);
 }