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229 include::./stylesheets/xhtml11-manpage.css[]
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256 padding-left: 0.5em;
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259 <title>git-diff-tree(1)</title>
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264 git-diff-tree(1) Manual Page
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267 <div class="sectionbody">
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269 Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
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274 <div class="sectionbody">
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275 <div class="verseblock">
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276 <div class="content"><em>git-diff-tree</em> [--stdin] [-m] [-s] [-v] [--no-commit-id] [--pretty]
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277 [-t] [-r] [-c | --cc] [--root] [<common diff options>]
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278 <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>…]</div></div>
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280 <h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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281 <div class="sectionbody">
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282 <p>Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via two tree objects.</p>
\r
283 <p>If there is only one <tree-ish> given, the commit is compared with its parents
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284 (see --stdin below).</p>
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285 <p>Note that "git-diff-tree" can use the tree encapsulated in a commit object.</p>
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288 <div class="sectionbody">
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295 Generate patch (see section on generating patches)
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311 \0 line termination on output
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319 Show only names of changed files.
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327 Show only names and status of changed files.
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335 Instead of the first handful characters, show full
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336 object name of pre- and post-image blob on the "index"
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337 line when generating a patch format output.
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341 --abbrev[=<n>]
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345 Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
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346 name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
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347 lines, show only handful hexdigits prefix. This is
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348 independent of --full-index option above, which controls
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349 the diff-patch output format. Non default number of
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350 digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.
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358 Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create.
\r
374 Detect copies as well as renames.
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378 --diff-filter=[ACDMRTUXB*]
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382 Select only files that are Added (<tt>A</tt>), Copied (<tt>C</tt>),
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383 Deleted (<tt>D</tt>), Modified (<tt>M</tt>), Renamed (<tt>R</tt>), have their
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384 type (mode) changed (<tt>T</tt>), are Unmerged (<tt>U</tt>), are
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385 Unknown (<tt>X</tt>), or have had their pairing Broken (<tt>B</tt>).
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386 Any combination of the filter characters may be used.
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387 When <tt>*</tt> (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all
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388 paths are selected if there is any file that matches
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389 other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
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390 that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
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394 --find-copies-harder
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398 For performance reasons, by default, -C option finds copies only
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399 if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
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400 changeset. This flag makes the command
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401 inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
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402 copy. This is a very expensive operation for large
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403 projects, so use it with caution.
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411 -M and -C options require O(n^2) processing time where n
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412 is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This
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413 option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
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414 the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
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423 Look for differences that contain the change in <string>.
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431 When -S finds a change, show all the changes in that
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432 changeset, not just the files that contain the change
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437 -O<orderfile>
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441 Output the patch in the order specified in the
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442 <orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
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450 Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
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451 on-disk file to tree contents.
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455 <p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
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456 <a href="diffcore.html">diffcore documentation</a>.</p>
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463 The id of a tree object.
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467 <path>…
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471 If provided, the results are limited to a subset of files
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472 matching one of these prefix strings.
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473 ie file matches <tt>/^<pattern1>|<pattern2>|…/</tt>
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474 Note that this parameter does not provide any wildcard or regexp
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483 recurse into sub-trees
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491 show tree entry itself as well as subtrees. Implies -r.
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499 When <em>--root</em> is specified the initial commit will be showed as a big
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500 creation event. This is equivalent to a diff against the NULL tree.
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508 When <em>--stdin</em> is specified, the command does not take
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509 <tree-ish> arguments from the command line. Instead, it
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510 reads either one <commit> or a pair of <tree-ish>
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511 separated with a single space from its standard input.
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513 <p>When a single commit is given on one line of such input, it compares
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514 the commit with its parents. The following flags further affects its
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515 behaviour. This does not apply to the case where two <tree-ish>
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516 separated with a single space are given.</p>
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523 By default, "git-diff-tree --stdin" does not show
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524 differences for merge commits. With this flag, it shows
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525 differences to that commit from all of its parents.
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533 By default, "git-diff-tree --stdin" shows differences,
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534 either in machine-readable form (without <em>-p</em>) or in patch
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535 form (with <em>-p</em>). This output can be suppressed. It is
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536 only useful with <em>-v</em> flag.
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544 This flag causes "git-diff-tree --stdin" to also show
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545 the commit message before the differences.
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549 --pretty[=(raw|medium|short)]
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553 This is used to control "pretty printing" format of the
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554 commit message. Without "=<style>", it defaults to
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563 git-diff-tree outputs a line with the commit ID when
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564 applicable. This flag suppressed the commit ID output.
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572 These flags change the way a merge commit is displayed
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573 (which means it is useful only when the command is given
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574 one <tree-ish>, or <em>--stdin</em>). It shows the differences
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575 from each of the parents to the merge result
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576 simultaneously, instead of showing pairwise diff between
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577 a parent and the result one at a time, which <em>-m</em> option
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578 output does. <em>--cc</em> further compresses the output by
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579 omiting hunks that show differences from only one
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580 parent, or show the same change from all but one parent
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581 for an Octopus merge. When this optimization makes all
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582 hunks disappear, the commit itself and the commit log
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583 message is not shown, just like any other "empty diff" cases.
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591 Show the commit itself and the commit log message even
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592 if the diff itself is empty.
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597 <h2>Limiting Output</h2>
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598 <div class="sectionbody">
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599 <p>If you're only interested in differences in a subset of files, for
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600 example some architecture-specific files, you might do:</p>
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601 <div class="literalblock">
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602 <div class="content">
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603 <pre><tt>git-diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> arch/ia64 include/asm-ia64</tt></pre>
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605 <p>and it will only show you what changed in those two directories.</p>
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606 <p>Or if you are searching for what changed in just <tt>kernel/sched.c</tt>, just do</p>
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607 <div class="literalblock">
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608 <div class="content">
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609 <pre><tt>git-diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> kernel/sched.c</tt></pre>
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611 <p>and it will ignore all differences to other files.</p>
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612 <p>The pattern is always the prefix, and is matched exactly. There are no
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613 wildcards. Even stricter, it has to match a complete path component.
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614 I.e. "foo" does not pick up <tt>foobar.h</tt>. "foo" does match <tt>foo/bar.h</tt>
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615 so it can be used to name subdirectories.</p>
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616 <p>An example of normal usage is:</p>
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617 <div class="literalblock">
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618 <div class="content">
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619 <pre><tt>torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git-diff-tree 5319e4......
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620 *100664->100664 blob ac348b.......->a01513....... git-fsck-objects.c</tt></pre>
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622 <p>which tells you that the last commit changed just one file (it's from
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624 <div class="listingblock">
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625 <div class="content">
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626 <pre><tt>commit 3c6f7ca19ad4043e9e72fa94106f352897e651a8
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627 tree 5319e4d609cdd282069cc4dce33c1db559539b03
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628 parent b4e628ea30d5ab3606119d2ea5caeab141d38df7
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629 author Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
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630 committer Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
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632 Make "git-fsck-objects" print out all the root commits it finds.
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634 Once I do the reference tracking, I'll also make it print out all the
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635 HEAD commits it finds, which is even more interesting.</tt></pre>
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637 <p>in case you care).</p>
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639 <h2>Output format</h2>
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640 <div class="sectionbody">
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641 <p>The output format from "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree" and
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642 "git-diff-files" are very similar.</p>
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643 <p>These commands all compare two sets of things; what is
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644 compared differs:</p>
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647 git-diff-index <tree-ish>
\r
651 compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.
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655 git-diff-index --cached <tree-ish>
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659 compares the <tree-ish> and the index.
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663 git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>…]
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667 compares the trees named by the two arguments.
\r
671 git-diff-files [<pattern>…]
\r
675 compares the index and the files on the filesystem.
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679 <p>An output line is formatted this way:</p>
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680 <div class="listingblock">
\r
681 <div class="content">
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682 <pre><tt>in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
\r
683 copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... C68 file1 file2
\r
684 rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... R86 file1 file3
\r
685 create :000000 100644 0000000... 1234567... A file4
\r
686 delete :100644 000000 1234567... 0000000... D file5
\r
687 unmerged :000000 000000 0000000... 0000000... U file6</tt></pre>
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689 <p>That is, from the left to the right:</p>
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698 mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.
\r
708 mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.
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718 sha1 for "src"; 0{40} if creation or unmerged.
\r
728 sha1 for "dst"; 0{40} if creation, unmerged or "look at work tree".
\r
738 status, followed by optional "score" number.
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743 a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used.
\r
753 a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used; only exists for C or R.
\r
758 path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.
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763 an LF or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used, to terminate the record.
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767 <p><sha1> is shown as all 0's if a file is new on the filesystem
\r
768 and it is out of sync with the index.</p>
\r
770 <div class="listingblock">
\r
771 <div class="content">
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772 <pre><tt>:100644 100644 5be4a4...... 000000...... M file.c</tt></pre>
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774 <p>When <tt>-z</tt> option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
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775 in pathnames are represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>,
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778 <h2>Generating patches with -p</h2>
\r
779 <div class="sectionbody">
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780 <p>When "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
\r
781 with a <em>-p</em> option, they do not produce the output described above;
\r
782 instead they produce a patch file.</p>
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783 <p>The patch generation can be customized at two levels.</p>
\r
787 When the environment variable <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is not set,
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788 these commands internally invoke "diff" like this:
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790 <div class="literalblock">
\r
791 <div class="content">
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792 <pre><tt>diff -L a/<path> -L b/<path> -pu <old> <new></tt></pre>
\r
794 <p>For added files, <tt>/dev/null</tt> is used for <old>. For removed
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795 files, <tt>/dev/null</tt> is used for <new></p>
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796 <p>The "diff" formatting options can be customized via the
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797 environment variable <em>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</em>. For example, if you
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798 prefer context diff:</p>
\r
799 <div class="literalblock">
\r
800 <div class="content">
\r
801 <pre><tt>GIT_DIFF_OPTS=-c git-diff-index -p HEAD</tt></pre>
\r
806 When the environment variable <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is set, the
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807 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
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810 <p>For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
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811 <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is called with 7 parameters:</p>
\r
812 <div class="literalblock">
\r
813 <div class="content">
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814 <pre><tt>path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode</tt></pre>
\r
817 <div class="hlist"><table>
\r
819 <td class="hlist1">
\r
820 <old|new>-file
\r
822 <td class="hlist2">
\r
823 are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
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824 contents of <old|new>,
\r
828 <td class="hlist1">
\r
829 <old|new>-hex
\r
831 <td class="hlist2">
\r
832 are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
\r
836 <td class="hlist1">
\r
837 <old|new>-mode
\r
839 <td class="hlist2">
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840 are the octal representation of the file modes.
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844 <p>The file parameters can point at the user's working file
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845 (e.g. <tt>new-file</tt> in "git-diff-files"), <tt>/dev/null</tt> (e.g. <tt>old-file</tt>
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846 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. <tt>old-file</tt> in the
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847 index). <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> should not worry about unlinking the
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848 temporary file --- it is removed when <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> exits.</p>
\r
851 <p>For a path that is unmerged, <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is called with 1
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852 parameter, <path>.</p>
\r
854 <h2>git specific extension to diff format</h2>
\r
855 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
856 <p>What -p option produces is slightly different from the
\r
857 traditional diff format.</p>
\r
861 It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
\r
864 <div class="literalblock">
\r
865 <div class="content">
\r
866 <pre><tt>diff --git a/file1 b/file2</tt></pre>
\r
868 <p>The <tt>a/</tt> and <tt>b/</tt> filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
\r
869 involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
\r
870 <tt>/dev/null</tt> is _not_ used in place of <tt>a/</tt> or <tt>b/</tt> filenames.</p>
\r
871 <p>When rename/copy is involved, <tt>file1</tt> and <tt>file2</tt> show the
\r
872 name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
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873 the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.</p>
\r
877 It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
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879 <div class="literalblock">
\r
880 <div class="content">
\r
881 <pre><tt>old mode <mode>
\r
882 new mode <mode>
\r
883 deleted file mode <mode>
\r
884 new file mode <mode>
\r
885 copy from <path>
\r
886 copy to <path>
\r
887 rename from <path>
\r
888 rename to <path>
\r
889 similarity index <number>
\r
890 dissimilarity index <number>
\r
891 index <hash>..<hash> <mode></tt></pre>
\r
896 TAB, LF, and backslash characters in pathnames are
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897 represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>, respectively.
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902 <h2>combined diff format</h2>
\r
903 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
904 <p>git-diff-tree and git-diff-files can take <em>-c</em> or <em>--cc</em> option
\r
905 to produce <em>combined diff</em>, which looks like this:</p>
\r
906 <div class="listingblock">
\r
907 <div class="content">
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908 <pre><tt>diff --combined describe.c
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910 return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
\r
913 - static void describe(char *arg)
\r
914 -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
\r
915 ++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
\r
917 + unsigned char sha1[20];
\r
918 + struct commit *cmit;</tt></pre>
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920 <p>Unlike the traditional <em>unified</em> diff format, which shows two
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921 files A and B with a single column that has <tt>-</tt> (minus —
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922 appears in A but removed in B), <tt>+</tt> (plus — missing in A but
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923 added to B), or <tt> </tt> (space — unchanged) prefix, this format
\r
924 compares two or more files file1, file2,… with one file X, and
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925 shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
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926 fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X's line is
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927 different from it.</p>
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928 <p>A <tt>-</tt> character in the column N means that the line appears in
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929 fileN but it does not appear in the last file. A <tt>+</tt> character
\r
930 in the column N means that the line appears in the last file,
\r
931 and fileN does not have that line.</p>
\r
932 <p>In the above example output, the function signature was changed
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933 from both files (hence two <tt>-</tt> removals from both file1 and
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934 file2, plus <tt>++</tt> to mean one line that was added does not appear
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935 in either file1 nor file2). Also two other lines are the same
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936 from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with <tt> +</tt>).</p>
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937 <p>When shown by <tt>git diff-tree -c</tt>, it compares the parents of a
\r
938 merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
\r
939 parents). When shown by <tt>git diff-files -c</tt>, it compares the
\r
940 two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
\r
941 (i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka
\r
942 "their version").</p>
\r
945 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
946 <p>Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org></p>
\r
948 <h2>Documentation</h2>
\r
949 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
950 <p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.</p>
\r
953 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
954 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p>
\r
957 <div id="footer-text">
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958 Last updated 10-Feb-2006 05:51:47 UTC
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projects / git.git / blob