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229 include::./stylesheets/xhtml11-manpage.css[]
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256 padding-left: 0.5em;
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259 <title>git-diff-tree(1)</title>
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264 git-diff-tree(1) Manual Page
\r
267 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
269 Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
\r
274 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
275 <div class="verseblock">
\r
276 <div class="content"><em>git-diff-tree</em> [--stdin] [-m] [-s] [-v] [--no-commit-id] [--pretty]
\r
277 [-t] [-r] [-c | --cc] [--root] [<common diff options>]
\r
278 <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>…]</div></div>
\r
280 <h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
\r
281 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
282 <p>Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via two tree objects.</p>
\r
283 <p>If there is only one <tree-ish> given, the commit is compared with its parents
\r
284 (see --stdin below).</p>
\r
285 <p>Note that "git-diff-tree" can use the tree encapsulated in a commit object.</p>
\r
288 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
295 Generate patch (see section on generating patches)
\r
311 Generate patch but keep also the default raw diff output.
\r
319 Generate a diffstat instead of a patch.
\r
327 \0 line termination on output
\r
335 Show only names of changed files.
\r
343 Show only names and status of changed files.
\r
351 Instead of the first handful characters, show full
\r
352 object name of pre- and post-image blob on the "index"
\r
353 line when generating a patch format output.
\r
357 --abbrev[=<n>]
\r
361 Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
\r
362 name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
\r
363 lines, show only handful hexdigits prefix. This is
\r
364 independent of --full-index option above, which controls
\r
365 the diff-patch output format. Non default number of
\r
366 digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.
\r
374 Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create.
\r
390 Detect copies as well as renames.
\r
394 --diff-filter=[ACDMRTUXB*]
\r
398 Select only files that are Added (<tt>A</tt>), Copied (<tt>C</tt>),
\r
399 Deleted (<tt>D</tt>), Modified (<tt>M</tt>), Renamed (<tt>R</tt>), have their
\r
400 type (mode) changed (<tt>T</tt>), are Unmerged (<tt>U</tt>), are
\r
401 Unknown (<tt>X</tt>), or have had their pairing Broken (<tt>B</tt>).
\r
402 Any combination of the filter characters may be used.
\r
403 When <tt>*</tt> (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all
\r
404 paths are selected if there is any file that matches
\r
405 other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
\r
406 that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
\r
410 --find-copies-harder
\r
414 For performance reasons, by default, -C option finds copies only
\r
415 if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
\r
416 changeset. This flag makes the command
\r
417 inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
\r
418 copy. This is a very expensive operation for large
\r
419 projects, so use it with caution.
\r
427 -M and -C options require O(n^2) processing time where n
\r
428 is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This
\r
429 option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
\r
430 the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
\r
439 Look for differences that contain the change in <string>.
\r
447 When -S finds a change, show all the changes in that
\r
448 changeset, not just the files that contain the change
\r
457 Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
\r
462 -O<orderfile>
\r
466 Output the patch in the order specified in the
\r
467 <orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
\r
475 Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
\r
476 on-disk file to tree contents.
\r
480 <p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
\r
481 <a href="diffcore.html">diffcore documentation</a>.</p>
\r
488 The id of a tree object.
\r
492 <path>…
\r
496 If provided, the results are limited to a subset of files
\r
497 matching one of these prefix strings.
\r
498 ie file matches <tt>/^<pattern1>|<pattern2>|…/</tt>
\r
499 Note that this parameter does not provide any wildcard or regexp
\r
508 recurse into sub-trees
\r
516 show tree entry itself as well as subtrees. Implies -r.
\r
524 When <em>--root</em> is specified the initial commit will be showed as a big
\r
525 creation event. This is equivalent to a diff against the NULL tree.
\r
533 When <em>--stdin</em> is specified, the command does not take
\r
534 <tree-ish> arguments from the command line. Instead, it
\r
535 reads either one <commit> or a pair of <tree-ish>
\r
536 separated with a single space from its standard input.
\r
538 <p>When a single commit is given on one line of such input, it compares
\r
539 the commit with its parents. The following flags further affects its
\r
540 behaviour. This does not apply to the case where two <tree-ish>
\r
541 separated with a single space are given.</p>
\r
548 By default, "git-diff-tree --stdin" does not show
\r
549 differences for merge commits. With this flag, it shows
\r
550 differences to that commit from all of its parents. See
\r
559 By default, "git-diff-tree --stdin" shows differences,
\r
560 either in machine-readable form (without <em>-p</em>) or in patch
\r
561 form (with <em>-p</em>). This output can be suppressed. It is
\r
562 only useful with <em>-v</em> flag.
\r
570 This flag causes "git-diff-tree --stdin" to also show
\r
571 the commit message before the differences.
\r
575 --pretty[=(raw|medium|short)]
\r
579 This is used to control "pretty printing" format of the
\r
580 commit message. Without "=<style>", it defaults to
\r
589 git-diff-tree outputs a line with the commit ID when
\r
590 applicable. This flag suppressed the commit ID output.
\r
598 This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed
\r
599 (which means it is useful only when the command is given
\r
600 one <tree-ish>, or <em>--stdin</em>). It shows the differences
\r
601 from each of the parents to the merge result simultaneously
\r
602 instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent and the
\r
603 result one at a time (which is what the <em>-m</em> option does).
\r
604 Furthermore, it lists only files which were modified
\r
613 This flag changes the way a merge commit patch is displayed,
\r
614 in a similar way to the <em>-c</em> option. It implies the <em>-c</em>
\r
615 and <em>-p</em> options and further compresses the patch output
\r
616 by omitting hunks that show differences from only one
\r
617 parent, or show the same change from all but one parent
\r
618 for an Octopus merge. When this optimization makes all
\r
619 hunks disappear, the commit itself and the commit log
\r
620 message is not shown, just like in any other "empty diff" case.
\r
628 Show the commit itself and the commit log message even
\r
629 if the diff itself is empty.
\r
634 <h2>Limiting Output</h2>
\r
635 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
636 <p>If you're only interested in differences in a subset of files, for
\r
637 example some architecture-specific files, you might do:</p>
\r
638 <div class="literalblock">
\r
639 <div class="content">
\r
640 <pre><tt>git-diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> arch/ia64 include/asm-ia64</tt></pre>
\r
642 <p>and it will only show you what changed in those two directories.</p>
\r
643 <p>Or if you are searching for what changed in just <tt>kernel/sched.c</tt>, just do</p>
\r
644 <div class="literalblock">
\r
645 <div class="content">
\r
646 <pre><tt>git-diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> kernel/sched.c</tt></pre>
\r
648 <p>and it will ignore all differences to other files.</p>
\r
649 <p>The pattern is always the prefix, and is matched exactly. There are no
\r
650 wildcards. Even stricter, it has to match a complete path component.
\r
651 I.e. "foo" does not pick up <tt>foobar.h</tt>. "foo" does match <tt>foo/bar.h</tt>
\r
652 so it can be used to name subdirectories.</p>
\r
653 <p>An example of normal usage is:</p>
\r
654 <div class="literalblock">
\r
655 <div class="content">
\r
656 <pre><tt>torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git-diff-tree 5319e4......
\r
657 *100664->100664 blob ac348b.......->a01513....... git-fsck-objects.c</tt></pre>
\r
659 <p>which tells you that the last commit changed just one file (it's from
\r
661 <div class="listingblock">
\r
662 <div class="content">
\r
663 <pre><tt>commit 3c6f7ca19ad4043e9e72fa94106f352897e651a8
\r
664 tree 5319e4d609cdd282069cc4dce33c1db559539b03
\r
665 parent b4e628ea30d5ab3606119d2ea5caeab141d38df7
\r
666 author Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
\r
667 committer Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
\r
669 Make "git-fsck-objects" print out all the root commits it finds.
\r
671 Once I do the reference tracking, I'll also make it print out all the
\r
672 HEAD commits it finds, which is even more interesting.</tt></pre>
\r
674 <p>in case you care).</p>
\r
676 <h2>Output format</h2>
\r
677 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
678 <p>The output format from "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree" and
\r
679 "git-diff-files" are very similar.</p>
\r
680 <p>These commands all compare two sets of things; what is
\r
681 compared differs:</p>
\r
684 git-diff-index <tree-ish>
\r
688 compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.
\r
692 git-diff-index --cached <tree-ish>
\r
696 compares the <tree-ish> and the index.
\r
700 git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>…]
\r
704 compares the trees named by the two arguments.
\r
708 git-diff-files [<pattern>…]
\r
712 compares the index and the files on the filesystem.
\r
716 <p>An output line is formatted this way:</p>
\r
717 <div class="listingblock">
\r
718 <div class="content">
\r
719 <pre><tt>in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
\r
720 copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... C68 file1 file2
\r
721 rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... R86 file1 file3
\r
722 create :000000 100644 0000000... 1234567... A file4
\r
723 delete :100644 000000 1234567... 0000000... D file5
\r
724 unmerged :000000 000000 0000000... 0000000... U file6</tt></pre>
\r
726 <p>That is, from the left to the right:</p>
\r
735 mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.
\r
745 mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.
\r
755 sha1 for "src"; 0{40} if creation or unmerged.
\r
765 sha1 for "dst"; 0{40} if creation, unmerged or "look at work tree".
\r
775 status, followed by optional "score" number.
\r
780 a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used.
\r
790 a tab or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used; only exists for C or R.
\r
795 path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.
\r
800 an LF or a NUL when <em>-z</em> option is used, to terminate the record.
\r
804 <p><sha1> is shown as all 0's if a file is new on the filesystem
\r
805 and it is out of sync with the index.</p>
\r
807 <div class="listingblock">
\r
808 <div class="content">
\r
809 <pre><tt>:100644 100644 5be4a4...... 000000...... M file.c</tt></pre>
\r
811 <p>When <tt>-z</tt> option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
\r
812 in pathnames are represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>,
\r
815 <h2>Generating patches with -p</h2>
\r
816 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
817 <p>When "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
\r
818 with a <em>-p</em> option, they do not produce the output described above;
\r
819 instead they produce a patch file.</p>
\r
820 <p>The patch generation can be customized at two levels.</p>
\r
824 When the environment variable <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is not set,
\r
825 these commands internally invoke "diff" like this:
\r
827 <div class="literalblock">
\r
828 <div class="content">
\r
829 <pre><tt>diff -L a/<path> -L b/<path> -pu <old> <new></tt></pre>
\r
831 <p>For added files, <tt>/dev/null</tt> is used for <old>. For removed
\r
832 files, <tt>/dev/null</tt> is used for <new></p>
\r
833 <p>The "diff" formatting options can be customized via the
\r
834 environment variable <em>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</em>. For example, if you
\r
835 prefer context diff:</p>
\r
836 <div class="literalblock">
\r
837 <div class="content">
\r
838 <pre><tt>GIT_DIFF_OPTS=-c git-diff-index -p HEAD</tt></pre>
\r
843 When the environment variable <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is set, the
\r
844 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
\r
847 <p>For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
\r
848 <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is called with 7 parameters:</p>
\r
849 <div class="literalblock">
\r
850 <div class="content">
\r
851 <pre><tt>path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode</tt></pre>
\r
854 <div class="hlist"><table>
\r
856 <td class="hlist1">
\r
857 <old|new>-file
\r
859 <td class="hlist2">
\r
860 are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
\r
861 contents of <old|new>,
\r
865 <td class="hlist1">
\r
866 <old|new>-hex
\r
868 <td class="hlist2">
\r
869 are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
\r
873 <td class="hlist1">
\r
874 <old|new>-mode
\r
876 <td class="hlist2">
\r
877 are the octal representation of the file modes.
\r
881 <p>The file parameters can point at the user's working file
\r
882 (e.g. <tt>new-file</tt> in "git-diff-files"), <tt>/dev/null</tt> (e.g. <tt>old-file</tt>
\r
883 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. <tt>old-file</tt> in the
\r
884 index). <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> should not worry about unlinking the
\r
885 temporary file --- it is removed when <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> exits.</p>
\r
888 <p>For a path that is unmerged, <em>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</em> is called with 1
\r
889 parameter, <path>.</p>
\r
891 <h2>git specific extension to diff format</h2>
\r
892 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
893 <p>What -p option produces is slightly different from the
\r
894 traditional diff format.</p>
\r
898 It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
\r
901 <div class="literalblock">
\r
902 <div class="content">
\r
903 <pre><tt>diff --git a/file1 b/file2</tt></pre>
\r
905 <p>The <tt>a/</tt> and <tt>b/</tt> filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
\r
906 involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
\r
907 <tt>/dev/null</tt> is _not_ used in place of <tt>a/</tt> or <tt>b/</tt> filenames.</p>
\r
908 <p>When rename/copy is involved, <tt>file1</tt> and <tt>file2</tt> show the
\r
909 name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
\r
910 the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.</p>
\r
914 It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
\r
916 <div class="literalblock">
\r
917 <div class="content">
\r
918 <pre><tt>old mode <mode>
\r
919 new mode <mode>
\r
920 deleted file mode <mode>
\r
921 new file mode <mode>
\r
922 copy from <path>
\r
923 copy to <path>
\r
924 rename from <path>
\r
925 rename to <path>
\r
926 similarity index <number>
\r
927 dissimilarity index <number>
\r
928 index <hash>..<hash> <mode></tt></pre>
\r
933 TAB, LF, and backslash characters in pathnames are
\r
934 represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>, respectively.
\r
939 <h2>combined diff format</h2>
\r
940 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
941 <p>git-diff-tree and git-diff-files can take <em>-c</em> or <em>--cc</em> option
\r
942 to produce <em>combined diff</em>, which looks like this:</p>
\r
943 <div class="listingblock">
\r
944 <div class="content">
\r
945 <pre><tt>diff --combined describe.c
\r
947 return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
\r
950 - static void describe(char *arg)
\r
951 -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
\r
952 ++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
\r
954 + unsigned char sha1[20];
\r
955 + struct commit *cmit;</tt></pre>
\r
957 <p>Unlike the traditional <em>unified</em> diff format, which shows two
\r
958 files A and B with a single column that has <tt>-</tt> (minus —
\r
959 appears in A but removed in B), <tt>+</tt> (plus — missing in A but
\r
960 added to B), or <tt> </tt> (space — unchanged) prefix, this format
\r
961 compares two or more files file1, file2,… with one file X, and
\r
962 shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
\r
963 fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X's line is
\r
964 different from it.</p>
\r
965 <p>A <tt>-</tt> character in the column N means that the line appears in
\r
966 fileN but it does not appear in the last file. A <tt>+</tt> character
\r
967 in the column N means that the line appears in the last file,
\r
968 and fileN does not have that line.</p>
\r
969 <p>In the above example output, the function signature was changed
\r
970 from both files (hence two <tt>-</tt> removals from both file1 and
\r
971 file2, plus <tt>++</tt> to mean one line that was added does not appear
\r
972 in either file1 nor file2). Also two other lines are the same
\r
973 from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with <tt> +</tt>).</p>
\r
974 <p>When shown by <tt>git diff-tree -c</tt>, it compares the parents of a
\r
975 merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
\r
976 parents). When shown by <tt>git diff-files -c</tt>, it compares the
\r
977 two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
\r
978 (i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka
\r
979 "their version").</p>
\r
982 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
983 <p>Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org></p>
\r
985 <h2>Documentation</h2>
\r
986 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
987 <p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.</p>
\r
990 <div class="sectionbody">
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991 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p>
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994 <div id="footer-text">
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995 Last updated 15-Apr-2006 06:17:17 UTC
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projects / git.git / blob