src/oping.c

   1 /**
   2  * Object oriented C module to send ICMP and ICMPv6 `echo's.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2006-2014  Florian octo Forster <ff at octo.it>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   6  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   7  * the Free Software Foundation; only version 2 of the License is
   8  * applicable.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
  18  */
  19
  20 #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
  21 # include <config.h>
  22 #endif
  23
  24 #if STDC_HEADERS
  25 # include <stdlib.h>
  26 # include <stdio.h>
  27 # include <string.h>
  28 # include <stdint.h>
  29 # include <inttypes.h>
  30 # include <errno.h>
  31 # include <assert.h>
  32 #else
  33 # error "You don't have the standard C99 header files installed"
  34 #endif /* STDC_HEADERS */
  35
  36 #if HAVE_UNISTD_H
  37 # include <unistd.h>
  38 #endif
  39
  40 #if HAVE_MATH_H
  41 # include <math.h>
  42 #endif
  43
  44 #if TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME
  45 # include <sys/time.h>
  46 # include <time.h>
  47 #else
  48 # if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
  49 #  include <sys/time.h>
  50 # else
  51 #  include <time.h>
  52 # endif
  53 #endif
  54
  55 #if HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
  56 # include <sys/socket.h>
  57 #endif
  58 #if HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
  59 # include <netinet/in.h>
  60 #endif
  61 #if HAVE_NETINET_IP_H
  62 # include <netinet/ip.h>
  63 #endif
  64
  65 #if HAVE_NETDB_H
  66 # include <netdb.h> /* NI_MAXHOST */
  67 #endif
  68
  69 #if HAVE_SIGNAL_H
  70 # include <signal.h>
  71 #endif
  72
  73 #if HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
  74 #include <sys/types.h>
  75 #endif
  76
  77 #include <locale.h>
  78 #include <langinfo.h>
  79
  80 #if USE_NCURSES
  81 # define NCURSES_OPAQUE 1
  82 /* http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Rec/rec.games.roguelike.development/2010-09/msg00050.html */
  83 # define _X_OPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
  84
  85 # if HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H
  86 #  include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>
  87 # elif HAVE_NCURSES_H
  88 #  include <ncurses.h>
  89 # endif
  90
  91 # define OPING_GREEN 1
  92 # define OPING_YELLOW 2
  93 # define OPING_RED 3
  94 # define OPING_GREEN_HIST 4
  95 # define OPING_YELLOW_HIST 5
  96 # define OPING_RED_HIST 6
  97
  98 double const threshold_green = 0.8;
  99 double const threshold_yellow = 0.95;
 100
 101 static char const * const hist_symbols_utf8[] = {
 102         "▁", "▂", "▃", "▄", "▅", "▆", "▇", "█" };
 103 static size_t const hist_symbols_utf8_num = sizeof (hist_symbols_utf8)
 104         / sizeof (hist_symbols_utf8[0]);
 105
 106 /* scancodes for 6 levels of horizontal bars, ncurses-specific */
 107 /* those are not the usual constants because those are not constant */
 108 static int const hist_symbols_acs[] = {
 109         115, /* ACS_S9 "⎽" */
 110         114, /* ACS_S7 "⎼" */
 111         113, /* ACS_S5 "─" */
 112         112, /* ACS_S3 "⎻" */
 113         111  /* ACS_S1 "⎺" */
 114 };
 115 static size_t const hist_symbols_acs_num = sizeof (hist_symbols_acs)
 116         / sizeof (hist_symbols_acs[0]);
 117
 118 /* use different colors without a background for scancodes */
 119 static int const hist_colors_utf8[] = {
 120         OPING_GREEN_HIST, OPING_YELLOW_HIST, OPING_RED_HIST };
 121 static int const hist_colors_acs[] = {
 122         OPING_GREEN, OPING_YELLOW, OPING_RED };
 123 /* assuming that both arrays are the same size */
 124 static size_t const hist_colors_num = sizeof (hist_colors_utf8)
 125         / sizeof (hist_colors_utf8[0]);
 126 #endif
 127
 128 /* "─" */
 129 #define BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR       (113 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 130 /* "├" */
 131 #define BOXPLOT_WHISKER_LEFT_END  (116 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 132 /* "┤" */
 133 #define BOXPLOT_WHISKER_RIGHT_END (117 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 134 /* Inverted */
 135 #define BOXPLOT_BOX               ' '
 136 /* "│", inverted */
 137 #define BOXPLOT_MEDIAN            (120 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 138
 139 #include "oping.h"
 140
 141 #ifndef _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
 142 # define _POSIX_SAVED_IDS 0
 143 #endif
 144
 145 #ifndef IPTOS_MINCOST
 146 # define IPTOS_MINCOST 0x02
 147 #endif
 148
 149 /* Remove GNU specific __attribute__ settings when using another compiler */
 150 #if !__GNUC__
 151 # define __attribute__(x) /**/
 152 #endif
 153
 154 typedef struct ping_context
 155 {
 156         char host[NI_MAXHOST];
 157         char addr[NI_MAXHOST];
 158
 159         int index;
 160         int req_sent;
 161         int req_rcvd;
 162
 163         double latency_total;
 164
 165 #ifndef HISTORY_SIZE_MAX
 166 # define HISTORY_SIZE_MAX 900
 167 #endif
 168         /* The last n RTTs in the order they were sent. */
 169         double history_by_time[HISTORY_SIZE_MAX];
 170
 171         /* Current number of entries in the history. This is a value between 0
 172          * and HISTORY_SIZE_MAX. */
 173         size_t history_size;
 174
 175         /* Number "received" entries in the history, i.e. non-NAN entries. */
 176         size_t history_received;
 177
 178         /* Index of the next RTT to be written to history_by_time. This wraps
 179          * around to 0 once the histroty has grown to HISTORY_SIZE_MAX. */
 180         size_t history_index;
 181
 182         /* The last history_size RTTs sorted by value. timed out packets (NAN
 183          * entries) are sorted to the back. */
 184         double history_by_value[HISTORY_SIZE_MAX];
 185
 186         /* If set to true, history_by_value has to be re-calculated. */
 187         _Bool history_dirty;
 188
 189 #if USE_NCURSES
 190         WINDOW *window;
 191 #endif
 192 } ping_context_t;
 193
 194 static double  opt_interval   = 1.0;
 195 static double  opt_timeout    = PING_DEF_TIMEOUT;
 196 static int     opt_addrfamily = PING_DEF_AF;
 197 static char   *opt_srcaddr    = NULL;
 198 static char   *opt_device     = NULL;
 199 static char   *opt_filename   = NULL;
 200 static int     opt_count      = -1;
 201 static int     opt_send_ttl   = 64;
 202 static uint8_t opt_send_qos   = 0;
 203 #define OPING_DEFAULT_PERCENTILE 95.0
 204 static double  opt_percentile = -1.0;
 205 static double  opt_exit_status_threshold = 1.0;
 206 #if USE_NCURSES
 207 static int     opt_show_graph = 1;
 208 static int     opt_utf8       = 0;
 209 #endif
 210
 211 static int host_num = 0;
 212
 213 #if USE_NCURSES
 214 static WINDOW *main_win = NULL;
 215 #endif
 216
 217 static void sigint_handler (int signal) /* {{{ */
 218 {
 219         /* Make compiler happy */
 220         signal = 0;
 221         /* Exit the loop */
 222         opt_count = 0;
 223 } /* }}} void sigint_handler */
 224
 225 static ping_context_t *context_create (void) /* {{{ */
 226 {
 227         ping_context_t *ret;
 228
 229         if ((ret = malloc (sizeof (ping_context_t))) == NULL)
 230                 return (NULL);
 231
 232         memset (ret, '\0', sizeof (ping_context_t));
 233
 234         ret->latency_total = 0.0;
 235
 236 #if USE_NCURSES
 237         ret->window = NULL;
 238 #endif
 239
 240         return (ret);
 241 } /* }}} ping_context_t *context_create */
 242
 243 static void context_destroy (ping_context_t *context) /* {{{ */
 244 {
 245         if (context == NULL)
 246                 return;
 247
 248 #if USE_NCURSES
 249         if (context->window != NULL)
 250         {
 251                 delwin (context->window);
 252                 context->window = NULL;
 253         }
 254 #endif
 255
 256         free (context);
 257 } /* }}} void context_destroy */
 258
 259 static int compare_double (void const *arg0, void const *arg1) /* {{{ */
 260 {
 261         double dbl0 = *((double *) arg0);
 262         double dbl1 = *((double *) arg1);
 263
 264         if (isnan (dbl0))
 265         {
 266                 if (isnan (dbl1))
 267                         return 0;
 268                 else
 269                         return 1;
 270         }
 271         else if (isnan (dbl1))
 272                 return -1;
 273         else if (dbl0 < dbl1)
 274                 return -1;
 275         else if (dbl0 > dbl1)
 276                 return 1;
 277         else
 278                 return 0;
 279 } /* }}} int compare_double */
 280
 281 static void clean_history (ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
 282 {
 283         size_t i;
 284
 285         if (!ctx->history_dirty)
 286                 return;
 287
 288         /* Copy all values from by_time to by_value. */
 289         memcpy (ctx->history_by_value, ctx->history_by_time,
 290                         sizeof (ctx->history_by_time));
 291
 292         /* Sort all RTTs. */
 293         qsort (ctx->history_by_value, ctx->history_size, sizeof
 294                         (ctx->history_by_value[0]), compare_double);
 295
 296         /* Update the number of received RTTs. */
 297         ctx->history_received = 0;
 298         for (i = 0; i < ctx->history_size; i++)
 299                 if (!isnan (ctx->history_by_value[i]))
 300                         ctx->history_received++;
 301
 302         /* Mark as clean. */
 303         ctx->history_dirty = 0;
 304 } /* }}} void clean_history */
 305
 306 static double percentile_to_latency (ping_context_t *ctx, /* {{{ */
 307                 double percentile)
 308 {
 309         size_t index;
 310
 311         clean_history (ctx);
 312
 313         /* Not a single packet was received successfully. */
 314         if (ctx->history_received == 0)
 315                 return NAN;
 316
 317         if (percentile <= 0.0)
 318                 index = 0;
 319         else if (percentile >= 100.0)
 320                 index = ctx->history_received - 1;
 321         else
 322         {
 323                 index = (size_t) ceil ((percentile / 100.0) * ((double) ctx->history_received));
 324                 assert (index > 0);
 325                 index--;
 326         }
 327
 328         return (ctx->history_by_value[index]);
 329 } /* }}} double percentile_to_latency */
 330
 331 #if USE_NCURSES
 332 static double latency_to_ratio (ping_context_t *ctx, /* {{{ */
 333                 double latency)
 334 {
 335         size_t low;
 336         size_t high;
 337         size_t index;
 338
 339         clean_history (ctx);
 340
 341         /* Not a single packet was received successfully. */
 342         if (ctx->history_received == 0)
 343                 return NAN;
 344
 345         low = 0;
 346         high = ctx->history_received - 1;
 347
 348         if (latency < ctx->history_by_value[low])
 349                 return 0.0;
 350         else if (latency >= ctx->history_by_value[high])
 351                 return 100.0;
 352
 353         /* Do a binary search for the latency. This will work even when the
 354          * exact latency is not in the array. If the latency is in the array
 355          * multiple times, "low" will be set to the index of the last
 356          * occurrence. The value at index "high" will be larger than the
 357          * searched for latency (assured by the above "if" block. */
 358         while ((high - low) > 1)
 359         {
 360                 index = (high + low) / 2;
 361
 362                 if (ctx->history_by_value[index] > latency)
 363                         high = index;
 364                 else
 365                         low = index;
 366         }
 367
 368         assert (ctx->history_by_value[high] > latency);
 369         assert (ctx->history_by_value[low] <= latency);
 370
 371         if (ctx->history_by_value[low] == latency)
 372                 index = low;
 373         else
 374                 index = high;
 375
 376         return (((double) (index + 1)) / ((double) ctx->history_received));
 377 } /* }}} double latency_to_ratio */
 378 #endif
 379
 380 static double context_get_packet_loss (const ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
 381 {
 382         if (ctx == NULL)
 383                 return (-1.0);
 384
 385         if (ctx->req_sent < 1)
 386                 return (0.0);
 387
 388         return (100.0 * (ctx->req_sent - ctx->req_rcvd)
 389                         / ((double) ctx->req_sent));
 390 } /* }}} double context_get_packet_loss */
 391
 392 static int ping_initialize_contexts (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
 393 {
 394         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
 395         int index;
 396
 397         if (ping == NULL)
 398                 return (EINVAL);
 399
 400         index = 0;
 401         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
 402                         iter != NULL;
 403                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
 404         {
 405                 ping_context_t *context;
 406                 size_t buffer_size;
 407
 408                 context = context_create ();
 409                 context->index = index;
 410
 411                 buffer_size = sizeof (context->host);
 412                 ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_HOSTNAME, context->host, &buffer_size);
 413
 414                 buffer_size = sizeof (context->addr);
 415                 ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_ADDRESS, context->addr, &buffer_size);
 416
 417                 ping_iterator_set_context (iter, (void *) context);
 418
 419                 index++;
 420         }
 421
 422         return (0);
 423 } /* }}} int ping_initialize_contexts */
 424
 425 static void usage_exit (const char *name, int status) /* {{{ */
 426 {
 427         fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] "
 428                                 "-f filename | host [host [host ...]]\n"
 429
 430                         "\nAvailable options:\n"
 431                         "  -4|-6        force the use of IPv4 or IPv6\n"
 432                         "  -c count     number of ICMP packets to send\n"
 433                         "  -i interval  interval with which to send ICMP packets\n"
 434                         "  -w timeout   time to wait for replies, in seconds\n"
 435                         "  -t ttl       time to live for each ICMP packet\n"
 436                         "  -Q qos       Quality of Service (QoS) of outgoing packets\n"
 437                         "               Use \"-Q help\" for a list of valid options.\n"
 438                         "  -I srcaddr   source address\n"
 439                         "  -D device    outgoing interface name\n"
 440                         "  -f filename  filename to read hosts from\n"
 441 #if USE_NCURSES
 442                         "  -u / -U      force / disable UTF-8 output\n"
 443                         "  -g graph     graph type to draw\n"
 444 #endif
 445                         "  -P percent   Report the n'th percentile of latency\n"
 446                         "  -Z percent   Exit with non-zero exit status if more than this percentage of\n"
 447                         "               probes timed out. (default: never)\n"
 448
 449                         "\noping "PACKAGE_VERSION", http://noping.cc/\n"
 450                         "by Florian octo Forster <ff@octo.it>\n"
 451                         "for contributions see `AUTHORS'\n",
 452                         name);
 453         exit (status);
 454 } /* }}} void usage_exit */
 455
 456 __attribute__((noreturn))
 457 static void usage_qos_exit (const char *arg, int status) /* {{{ */
 458 {
 459         if (arg != 0)
 460                 fprintf (stderr, "Invalid QoS argument: \"%s\"\n\n", arg);
 461
 462         fprintf (stderr, "Valid QoS arguments (option \"-Q\") are:\n"
 463                         "\n"
 464                         "  Differentiated Services (IPv4 and IPv6, RFC 2474)\n"
 465                         "\n"
 466                         "    be                     Best Effort (BE, default PHB).\n"
 467                         "    ef                     Expedited Forwarding (EF) PHB group (RFC 3246).\n"
 468                         "                           (low delay, low loss, low jitter)\n"
 469                         "    va                     Voice Admit (VA) DSCP (RFC 5865).\n"
 470                         "                           (capacity-admitted traffic)\n"
 471                         "    af[1-4][1-3]           Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB group (RFC 2597).\n"
 472                         "                           For example: \"af12\" (class 1, precedence 2)\n"
 473                         "    cs[0-7]                Class Selector (CS) PHB group (RFC 2474).\n"
 474                         "                           For example: \"cs1\" (priority traffic)\n"
 475                         "\n"
 476                         "  Type of Service (IPv4, RFC 1349, obsolete)\n"
 477                         "\n"
 478                         "    lowdelay     (%#04x)    minimize delay\n"
 479                         "    throughput   (%#04x)    maximize throughput\n"
 480                         "    reliability  (%#04x)    maximize reliability\n"
 481                         "    mincost      (%#04x)    minimize monetary cost\n"
 482                         "\n"
 483                         "  Specify manually\n"
 484                         "\n"
 485                         "    0x00 - 0xff            Hexadecimal numeric specification.\n"
 486                         "       0 -  255            Decimal numeric specification.\n"
 487                         "\n",
 488                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_LOWDELAY,
 489                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_THROUGHPUT,
 490                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_RELIABILITY,
 491                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_MINCOST);
 492
 493         exit (status);
 494 } /* }}} void usage_qos_exit */
 495
 496 static int set_opt_send_qos (const char *opt) /* {{{ */
 497 {
 498         if (opt == NULL)
 499                 return (EINVAL);
 500
 501         if (strcasecmp ("help", opt) == 0)
 502                 usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ NULL, /* status = */ EXIT_SUCCESS);
 503         /* DiffServ (RFC 2474): */
 504         /* - Best effort (BE) */
 505         else if (strcasecmp ("be", opt) == 0)
 506                 opt_send_qos = 0;
 507         /* - Expedited Forwarding (EF, RFC 3246) */
 508         else if (strcasecmp ("ef", opt) == 0)
 509                 opt_send_qos = 0xB8; /* == 0x2E << 2 */
 510         /* - Voice Admit (VA, RFC 5865) */
 511         else if (strcasecmp ("va", opt) == 0)
 512                 opt_send_qos = 0xB0; /* == 0x2D << 2 */
 513         /* - Assured Forwarding (AF, RFC 2597) */
 514         else if ((strncasecmp ("af", opt, strlen ("af")) == 0)
 515                         && (strlen (opt) == 4))
 516         {
 517                 uint8_t dscp;
 518                 uint8_t class = 0;
 519                 uint8_t prec = 0;
 520
 521                 /* There are four classes, AF1x, AF2x, AF3x, and AF4x. */
 522                 if (opt[2] == '1')
 523                         class = 1;
 524                 else if (opt[2] == '2')
 525                         class = 2;
 526                 else if (opt[2] == '3')
 527                         class = 3;
 528                 else if (opt[2] == '4')
 529                         class = 4;
 530                 else
 531                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_SUCCESS);
 532
 533                 /* In each class, there are three precedences, AFx1, AFx2, and AFx3 */
 534                 if (opt[3] == '1')
 535                         prec = 1;
 536                 else if (opt[3] == '2')
 537                         prec = 2;
 538                 else if (opt[3] == '3')
 539                         prec = 3;
 540                 else
 541                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_SUCCESS);
 542
 543                 dscp = (8 * class) + (2 * prec);
 544                 /* The lower two bits are used for Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) */
 545                 opt_send_qos = dscp << 2;
 546         }
 547         /* - Class Selector (CS) */
 548         else if ((strncasecmp ("cs", opt, strlen ("cs")) == 0)
 549                         && (strlen (opt) == 3))
 550         {
 551                 uint8_t class;
 552
 553                 if ((opt[2] < '0') || (opt[2] > '7'))
 554                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_FAILURE);
 555
 556                 /* Not exactly legal by the C standard, but I don't know of any
 557                  * system not supporting this hack. */
 558                 class = ((uint8_t) opt[2]) - ((uint8_t) '0');
 559                 opt_send_qos = class << 5;
 560         }
 561         /* Type of Service (RFC 1349) */
 562         else if (strcasecmp ("lowdelay", opt) == 0)
 563                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_LOWDELAY;
 564         else if (strcasecmp ("throughput", opt) == 0)
 565                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_THROUGHPUT;
 566         else if (strcasecmp ("reliability", opt) == 0)
 567                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_RELIABILITY;
 568         else if (strcasecmp ("mincost", opt) == 0)
 569                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_MINCOST;
 570         /* Numeric value */
 571         else
 572         {
 573                 unsigned long value;
 574                 char *endptr;
 575
 576                 errno = 0;
 577                 endptr = NULL;
 578                 value = strtoul (opt, &endptr, /* base = */ 0);
 579                 if ((errno != 0) || (endptr == opt)
 580                                 || (endptr == NULL) || (*endptr != 0)
 581                                 || (value > 0xff))
 582                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_FAILURE);
 583
 584                 opt_send_qos = (uint8_t) value;
 585         }
 586
 587         return (0);
 588 } /* }}} int set_opt_send_qos */
 589
 590 static char *format_qos (uint8_t qos, char *buffer, size_t buffer_size) /* {{{ */
 591 {
 592         uint8_t dscp;
 593         uint8_t ecn;
 594         char *dscp_str;
 595         char *ecn_str;
 596
 597         dscp = qos >> 2;
 598         ecn = qos & 0x03;
 599
 600         switch (dscp)
 601         {
 602                 case 0x00: dscp_str = "be";  break;
 603                 case 0x2e: dscp_str = "ef";  break;
 604                 case 0x2d: dscp_str = "va";  break;
 605                 case 0x0a: dscp_str = "af11"; break;
 606                 case 0x0c: dscp_str = "af12"; break;
 607                 case 0x0e: dscp_str = "af13"; break;
 608                 case 0x12: dscp_str = "af21"; break;
 609                 case 0x14: dscp_str = "af22"; break;
 610                 case 0x16: dscp_str = "af23"; break;
 611                 case 0x1a: dscp_str = "af31"; break;
 612                 case 0x1c: dscp_str = "af32"; break;
 613                 case 0x1e: dscp_str = "af33"; break;
 614                 case 0x22: dscp_str = "af41"; break;
 615                 case 0x24: dscp_str = "af42"; break;
 616                 case 0x26: dscp_str = "af43"; break;
 617                 case 0x08: dscp_str = "cs1";  break;
 618                 case 0x10: dscp_str = "cs2";  break;
 619                 case 0x18: dscp_str = "cs3";  break;
 620                 case 0x20: dscp_str = "cs4";  break;
 621                 case 0x28: dscp_str = "cs5";  break;
 622                 case 0x30: dscp_str = "cs6";  break;
 623                 case 0x38: dscp_str = "cs7";  break;
 624                 default:   dscp_str = NULL;
 625         }
 626
 627         switch (ecn)
 628         {
 629                 case 0x01: ecn_str = ",ecn(1)"; break;
 630                 case 0x02: ecn_str = ",ecn(0)"; break;
 631                 case 0x03: ecn_str = ",ce"; break;
 632                 default:   ecn_str = "";
 633         }
 634
 635         if (dscp_str == NULL)
 636                 snprintf (buffer, buffer_size, "0x%02x%s", dscp, ecn_str);
 637         else
 638                 snprintf (buffer, buffer_size, "%s%s", dscp_str, ecn_str);
 639         buffer[buffer_size - 1] = 0;
 640
 641         return (buffer);
 642 } /* }}} char *format_qos */
 643
 644 static int read_options (int argc, char **argv) /* {{{ */
 645 {
 646         int optchar;
 647
 648         while (1)
 649         {
 650                 optchar = getopt (argc, argv, "46c:hi:I:t:Q:f:D:Z:P:w:"
 651 #if USE_NCURSES
 652                                 "uUg:"
 653 #endif
 654                                 );
 655
 656                 if (optchar == -1)
 657                         break;
 658
 659                 switch (optchar)
 660                 {
 661                         case '4':
 662                         case '6':
 663                                 opt_addrfamily = (optchar == '4') ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
 664                                 break;
 665
 666                         case 'c':
 667                                 {
 668                                         int new_count;
 669                                         new_count = atoi (optarg);
 670                                         if (new_count > 0)
 671                                         {
 672                                                 opt_count = new_count;
 673
 674                                                 if ((opt_percentile < 0.0) && (opt_count < 20))
 675                                                         opt_percentile = 100.0 * (opt_count - 1) / opt_count;
 676                                         }
 677                                         else
 678                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring invalid count: %s\n",
 679                                                                 optarg);
 680                                 }
 681                                 break;
 682
 683                         case 'f':
 684                                 {
 685                                         if (opt_filename != NULL)
 686                                                 free (opt_filename);
 687                                         opt_filename = strdup (optarg);
 688                                 }
 689                                 break;
 690
 691                         case 'i':
 692                                 {
 693                                         double new_interval;
 694                                         new_interval = atof (optarg);
 695                                         if (new_interval < 0.001)
 696                                                 fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid interval: %s\n",
 697                                                                 optarg);
 698                                         else
 699                                                 opt_interval = new_interval;
 700                                 }
 701                                 break;
 702
 703                         case 'w':
 704                         {
 705                                 char *endp;
 706                                 double t = strtod(optarg, &endp);
 707                                 if(optarg[0] != '\0' && *endp == '\0')
 708                                 {
 709                                         opt_timeout = t;
 710                                 }
 711                                 else{
 712                                         fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid timeout: %s\n",
 713                                                         optarg);
 714                                 }
 715
 716                                 break;
 717                         }
 718
 719                         case 'I':
 720                                 {
 721                                         if (opt_srcaddr != NULL)
 722                                                 free (opt_srcaddr);
 723                                         opt_srcaddr = strdup (optarg);
 724                                 }
 725                                 break;
 726
 727                         case 'D':
 728                                 opt_device = optarg;
 729                                 break;
 730
 731                         case 't':
 732                         {
 733                                 int new_send_ttl;
 734                                 new_send_ttl = atoi (optarg);
 735                                 if ((new_send_ttl > 0) && (new_send_ttl < 256))
 736                                         opt_send_ttl = new_send_ttl;
 737                                 else
 738                                         fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid TTL argument: %s\n",
 739                                                         optarg);
 740                                 break;
 741                         }
 742
 743                         case 'Q':
 744                                 set_opt_send_qos (optarg);
 745                                 break;
 746
 747                         case 'P':
 748                                 {
 749                                         double new_percentile;
 750                                         new_percentile = atof (optarg);
 751                                         if (isnan (new_percentile)
 752                                                         || (new_percentile < 0.1)
 753                                                         || (new_percentile > 100.0))
 754                                                 fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid percentile: %s\n",
 755                                                                 optarg);
 756                                         else
 757                                                 opt_percentile = new_percentile;
 758                                 }
 759                                 break;
 760
 761 #if USE_NCURSES
 762                         case 'g':
 763                                 if (strcasecmp ("none", optarg) == 0)
 764                                         opt_show_graph = 0;
 765                                 else if (strcasecmp ("prettyping", optarg) == 0)
 766                                         opt_show_graph = 1;
 767                                 else if (strcasecmp ("histogram", optarg) == 0)
 768                                         opt_show_graph = 2;
 769                                 else if (strcasecmp ("boxplot", optarg) == 0)
 770                                         opt_show_graph = 3;
 771                                 else
 772                                         fprintf (stderr, "Unknown graph option: %s\n", optarg);
 773                                 break;
 774
 775                         case 'u':
 776                                 opt_utf8 = 2;
 777                                 break;
 778                         case 'U':
 779                                 opt_utf8 = 1;
 780                                 break;
 781 #endif
 782
 783                         case 'Z':
 784                         {
 785                                 char *endptr = NULL;
 786                                 double tmp;
 787
 788                                 errno = 0;
 789                                 tmp = strtod (optarg, &endptr);
 790                                 if ((errno != 0) || (endptr == NULL) || (*endptr != 0) || (tmp < 0.0) || (tmp > 100.0))
 791                                 {
 792                                         fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid -Z argument: %s\n", optarg);
 793                                         fprintf (stderr, "The \"-Z\" option requires a numeric argument between 0 and 100.\n");
 794                                 }
 795                                 else
 796                                         opt_exit_status_threshold = tmp / 100.0;
 797
 798                                 break;
 799                         }
 800
 801                         case 'h':
 802                                 usage_exit (argv[0], 0);
 803                                 break;
 804
 805                         default:
 806                                 usage_exit (argv[0], 1);
 807                 }
 808         }
 809
 810         if (opt_percentile <= 0.0)
 811                 opt_percentile = OPING_DEFAULT_PERCENTILE;
 812
 813         return (optind);
 814 } /* }}} read_options */
 815
 816 static void time_normalize (struct timespec *ts) /* {{{ */
 817 {
 818         while (ts->tv_nsec < 0)
 819         {
 820                 if (ts->tv_sec == 0)
 821                 {
 822                         ts->tv_nsec = 0;
 823                         return;
 824                 }
 825
 826                 ts->tv_sec  -= 1;
 827                 ts->tv_nsec += 1000000000;
 828         }
 829
 830         while (ts->tv_nsec >= 1000000000)
 831         {
 832                 ts->tv_sec  += 1;
 833                 ts->tv_nsec -= 1000000000;
 834         }
 835 } /* }}} void time_normalize */
 836
 837 static void time_calc (struct timespec *ts_dest, /* {{{ */
 838                 const struct timespec *ts_int,
 839                 const struct timeval  *tv_begin,
 840                 const struct timeval  *tv_end)
 841 {
 842         ts_dest->tv_sec = tv_begin->tv_sec + ts_int->tv_sec;
 843         ts_dest->tv_nsec = (tv_begin->tv_usec * 1000) + ts_int->tv_nsec;
 844         time_normalize (ts_dest);
 845
 846         /* Assure that `(begin + interval) > end'.
 847          * This may seem overly complicated, but `tv_sec' is of type `time_t'
 848          * which may be `unsigned. *sigh* */
 849         if ((tv_end->tv_sec > ts_dest->tv_sec)
 850                         || ((tv_end->tv_sec == ts_dest->tv_sec)
 851                                 && ((tv_end->tv_usec * 1000) > ts_dest->tv_nsec)))
 852         {
 853                 ts_dest->tv_sec  = 0;
 854                 ts_dest->tv_nsec = 0;
 855                 return;
 856         }
 857
 858         ts_dest->tv_sec = ts_dest->tv_sec - tv_end->tv_sec;
 859         ts_dest->tv_nsec = ts_dest->tv_nsec - (tv_end->tv_usec * 1000);
 860         time_normalize (ts_dest);
 861 } /* }}} void time_calc */
 862
 863 #if USE_NCURSES
 864 static _Bool has_utf8() /* {{{ */
 865 {
 866 # if HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H
 867         if (!opt_utf8)
 868         {
 869                 /* Automatically determine */
 870                 if (strcasecmp ("UTF-8", nl_langinfo (CODESET)) == 0)
 871                         opt_utf8 = 2;
 872                 else
 873                         opt_utf8 = 1;
 874         }
 875         return ((_Bool) (opt_utf8 - 1));
 876 # else
 877         return (0);
 878 # endif
 879 } /* }}} _Bool has_utf8 */
 880
 881 static int update_graph_boxplot (ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
 882 {
 883         uint32_t *counters;
 884         double *ratios;
 885         size_t i;
 886         size_t x_max;
 887         size_t x;
 888
 889         clean_history (ctx);
 890
 891         if (ctx->history_received == 0)
 892                 return (ENOENT);
 893
 894         x_max = (size_t) getmaxx (ctx->window);
 895         if (x_max <= 8)
 896                 return (EINVAL);
 897         x_max -= 4;
 898
 899         counters = calloc (x_max, sizeof (*counters));
 900         ratios = calloc (x_max, sizeof (*ratios));
 901
 902         /* Bucketize */
 903         for (i = 0; i < ctx->history_received; i++)
 904         {
 905                 double latency = ctx->history_by_value[i] / 1000.0;
 906                 size_t index = (size_t) (((double) x_max) * latency / opt_interval);
 907
 908                 if (index >= x_max)
 909                         index = x_max - 1;
 910
 911                 counters[index]++;
 912         }
 913
 914         /* Sum and calc ratios */
 915         ratios[0] = ((double) counters[0]) / ((double) ctx->history_received);
 916         for (x = 1; x < x_max; x++)
 917         {
 918                 counters[x] += counters[x - 1];
 919                 ratios[x] = ((double) counters[x]) / ((double) ctx->history_received);
 920         }
 921
 922         for (x = 0; x < x_max; x++)
 923         {
 924                 int symbol = ' ';
 925                 _Bool reverse = 0;
 926
 927                 if (x == 0)
 928                 {
 929                         if (ratios[x] >= 0.5)
 930                         {
 931                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_MEDIAN;
 932                                 reverse = 1;
 933                         }
 934                         else if (ratios[x] > 0.25)
 935                         {
 936                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_BOX;
 937                                 reverse = 1;
 938                         }
 939                         else if (ratios[x] > 0.025)
 940                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR;
 941                         else
 942                                 symbol = ' '; /* NOP */
 943                 }
 944                 else /* (x != 0) */
 945                 {
 946                         if ((ratios[x - 1] < 0.5) && (ratios[x] >= 0.5))
 947                         {
 948                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_MEDIAN;
 949                                 reverse = 1;
 950                         }
 951                         else if (((ratios[x] >= 0.25) && (ratios[x] <= 0.75))
 952                                         || ((ratios[x - 1] < 0.75) && (ratios[x] > 0.75)))
 953                         {
 954                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_BOX;
 955                                 reverse = 1;
 956                         }
 957                         else if ((ratios[x] < 0.5) && (ratios[x] >= 0.025))
 958                         {
 959                                 if (ratios[x - 1] < 0.025)
 960                                         symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_LEFT_END;
 961                                 else
 962                                         symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR;
 963                         }
 964                         else if ((ratios[x] > .5) && (ratios[x] < 0.975))
 965                         {
 966                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR;
 967                         }
 968                         else if ((ratios[x] >= 0.975) && (ratios[x - 1] < 0.975))
 969                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_RIGHT_END;
 970                 }
 971
 972                 if (reverse)
 973                         wattron (ctx->window, A_REVERSE);
 974                 mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ (int) (x + 2), symbol);
 975                 // mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ (int) (x + 2), symbol);
 976                 if (reverse)
 977                         wattroff (ctx->window, A_REVERSE);
 978         }
 979
 980         free (counters);
 981         free (ratios);
 982         return (0);
 983 } /* }}} int update_graph_boxplot */
 984
 985 static int update_graph_prettyping (ping_context_t *ctx, /* {{{ */
 986                 double latency, unsigned int sequence)
 987 {
 988         size_t x;
 989         size_t x_max;
 990         size_t history_offset;
 991
 992         x_max = (size_t) getmaxx (ctx->window);
 993         if (x_max <= 4)
 994                 return (EINVAL);
 995         x_max -= 4;
 996
 997         /* Determine the first index in the history we need to draw
 998          * the graph. */
 999         history_offset = 0;
1000         if (((size_t) x_max) < ctx->history_size) /* window is smaller than history */
1001         {
1002                 if (ctx->history_index > x_max)
1003                         history_offset = ctx->history_index - x_max;
1004                 else /* wrap around */
1005                         history_offset = ctx->history_index + ctx->history_size - x_max;
1006         }
1007         else /* window is larger than history */
1008         {
1009                 if (ctx->history_index != ctx->history_size) /* no longer growing. */
1010                         history_offset = ctx->history_index;
1011                 else /* start-up */
1012                         history_offset = 0;
1013         }
1014
1015         for (x = 0; x < x_max; x++)
1016         {
1017                 size_t index;
1018                 double latency;
1019
1020                 int color = OPING_RED;
1021                 char const *symbol = "!";
1022                 int symbolc = '!';
1023
1024                 if (x >= ctx->history_size)
1025                 {
1026                         mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2, ' ');
1027                         continue;
1028                 }
1029
1030                 index = (history_offset + x) % ctx->history_size;
1031                 latency = ctx->history_by_time[index];
1032
1033                 if (latency >= 0.0)
1034                 {
1035                         double ratio;
1036
1037                         size_t symbols_num = hist_symbols_acs_num;
1038                         size_t colors_num = 1;
1039
1040                         size_t index_symbols;
1041                         size_t index_colors;
1042                         size_t intensity;
1043
1044                         /* latency is in milliseconds, opt_interval is in seconds. */
1045                         ratio = (latency * 0.001) / opt_interval;
1046                         if (ratio > 1) {
1047                                 ratio = 1.0;
1048                         }
1049
1050                         if (has_utf8 ())
1051                                 symbols_num = hist_symbols_utf8_num;
1052
1053                         if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1054                                 colors_num = hist_colors_num;
1055
1056                         intensity = (size_t) (ratio * ((double) (symbols_num * colors_num)));
1057                         if (intensity >= (symbols_num * colors_num))
1058                                 intensity = (symbols_num * colors_num) - 1;
1059
1060                         index_symbols = intensity % symbols_num;
1061                         assert (index_symbols < symbols_num);
1062
1063                         index_colors = intensity / symbols_num;
1064                         assert (index_colors < colors_num);
1065
1066                         if (has_utf8())
1067                         {
1068                                 color = hist_colors_utf8[index_colors];
1069                                 symbol = hist_symbols_utf8[index_symbols];
1070                         }
1071                         else
1072                         {
1073                                 color = hist_colors_acs[index_colors];
1074                                 symbolc = hist_symbols_acs[index_symbols] | A_ALTCHARSET;
1075                         }
1076                 }
1077                 else /* if (!(latency >= 0.0)) */
1078                         wattron (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
1079
1080                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1081                         wattron (ctx->window, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1082
1083                 if (has_utf8())
1084                         mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2, symbol);
1085                 else
1086                         mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2, symbolc);
1087
1088                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1089                         wattroff (ctx->window, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1090
1091                 /* Use negation here to handle NaN correctly. */
1092                 if (!(latency >= 0.0))
1093                         wattroff (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
1094         } /* for (x) */
1095
1096         return (0);
1097 } /* }}} int update_graph_prettyping */
1098
1099 static int update_graph_histogram (ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
1100 {
1101         uint32_t *counters;
1102         uint32_t *accumulated;
1103         uint32_t max;
1104         size_t i;
1105         size_t x_max;
1106         size_t x;
1107
1108         size_t symbols_num = hist_symbols_acs_num;
1109
1110         clean_history (ctx);
1111
1112         if (ctx->history_received == 0)
1113                 return (ENOENT);
1114
1115         if (has_utf8 ())
1116                 symbols_num = hist_symbols_utf8_num;
1117
1118         x_max = (size_t) getmaxx (ctx->window);
1119         if (x_max <= 4)
1120                 return (EINVAL);
1121         x_max -= 4;
1122
1123         counters = calloc (x_max, sizeof (*counters));
1124         accumulated = calloc (x_max, sizeof (*accumulated));
1125
1126         /* Bucketize */
1127         max = 0;
1128         for (i = 0; i < ctx->history_received; i++)
1129         {
1130                 double latency = ctx->history_by_value[i] / 1000.0;
1131                 size_t index = (size_t) (((double) x_max) * latency / opt_interval);
1132
1133                 if (index >= x_max)
1134                         index = x_max - 1;
1135
1136                 counters[index]++;
1137                 if (max < counters[index])
1138                         max = counters[index];
1139         }
1140
1141         /* Sum */
1142         accumulated[0] = counters[0];
1143         for (x = 1; x < x_max; x++)
1144                 accumulated[x] = counters[x] + accumulated[x - 1];
1145
1146         /* Calculate ratios */
1147         for (x = 0; x < x_max; x++)
1148         {
1149                 double height = ((double) counters[x]) / ((double) max);
1150                 double ratio_this = ((double) accumulated[x]) / ((double) ctx->history_received);
1151                 double ratio_prev = 0.0;
1152                 size_t index;
1153                 int color = 0;
1154
1155                 index = (size_t) (height * ((double) symbols_num));
1156                 if (index >= symbols_num)
1157                         index = symbols_num - 1;
1158
1159                 if (x > 0)
1160                         ratio_prev = ((double) accumulated[x - 1]) / ((double) ctx->history_received);
1161
1162                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1163                 {
1164                         if ((ratio_this <= threshold_green)
1165                                         || ((ratio_prev < threshold_green)
1166                                                 && (ratio_this > threshold_green)))
1167                                 color = OPING_GREEN;
1168                         else if ((ratio_this <= threshold_yellow)
1169                                         || ((ratio_prev < threshold_yellow)
1170                                                 && (ratio_this > threshold_yellow)))
1171                                 color = OPING_YELLOW;
1172                         else
1173                                 color = OPING_RED;
1174
1175                         wattron (ctx->window, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1176                 }
1177
1178                 if (counters[x] == 0)
1179                         mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2, ' ');
1180                 else if (has_utf8 ())
1181                         mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2,
1182                                         hist_symbols_utf8[index]);
1183                 else
1184                         mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2,
1185                                         hist_symbols_acs[index] | A_ALTCHARSET);
1186
1187                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1188                         wattroff (ctx->window, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1189
1190         }
1191
1192         free (accumulated);
1193         return (0);
1194 } /* }}} int update_graph_histogram */
1195
1196 static int update_stats_from_context (ping_context_t *ctx, pingobj_iter_t *iter) /* {{{ */
1197 {
1198         double latency = -1.0;
1199         size_t buffer_len = sizeof (latency);
1200
1201         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_LATENCY,
1202                         &latency, &buffer_len);
1203
1204         unsigned int sequence = 0;
1205         buffer_len = sizeof (sequence);
1206         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_SEQUENCE,
1207                         &sequence, &buffer_len);
1208
1209
1210         if ((ctx == NULL) || (ctx->window == NULL))
1211                 return (EINVAL);
1212
1213         /* werase (ctx->window); */
1214
1215         box (ctx->window, 0, 0);
1216         wattron (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
1217         mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 0, /* x = */ 5,
1218                         " %s ", ctx->host);
1219         wattroff (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
1220         wprintw (ctx->window, "ping statistics ");
1221         mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 1, /* x = */ 2,
1222                         "%i packets transmitted, %i received, %.2f%% packet "
1223                         "loss, time %.1fms",
1224                         ctx->req_sent, ctx->req_rcvd,
1225                         context_get_packet_loss (ctx),
1226                         ctx->latency_total);
1227         if (ctx->req_rcvd != 0)
1228         {
1229                 double min;
1230                 double median;
1231                 double max;
1232                 double percentile;
1233
1234                 min = percentile_to_latency (ctx, 0.0);
1235                 median = percentile_to_latency (ctx, 50.0);
1236                 max = percentile_to_latency (ctx, 100.0);
1237                 percentile = percentile_to_latency (ctx, opt_percentile);
1238
1239                 mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 2, /* x = */ 2,
1240                                 "RTT[ms]: min = %.0f, median = %.0f, p(%.0f) = %.0f, max = %.0f  ",
1241                                 min, median, opt_percentile, percentile, max);
1242         }
1243
1244         if (opt_show_graph == 1)
1245                 update_graph_prettyping (ctx, latency, sequence);
1246         else if (opt_show_graph == 2)
1247                 update_graph_histogram (ctx);
1248         else if (opt_show_graph == 3)
1249                 update_graph_boxplot (ctx);
1250
1251         wrefresh (ctx->window);
1252
1253         return (0);
1254 } /* }}} int update_stats_from_context */
1255
1256 static int on_resize (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1257 {
1258         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1259         int width = 0;
1260         int height = 0;
1261         int main_win_height;
1262         int box_height = (opt_show_graph == 0) ? 4 : 5;
1263
1264         getmaxyx (stdscr, height, width);
1265         if ((height < 1) || (width < 1))
1266                 return (EINVAL);
1267
1268         main_win_height = height - (box_height * host_num);
1269         wresize (main_win, main_win_height, /* width = */ width);
1270         /* Allow scrolling */
1271         scrollok (main_win, TRUE);
1272         /* wsetscrreg (main_win, 0, main_win_height - 1); */
1273         /* Allow hardware accelerated scrolling. */
1274         idlok (main_win, TRUE);
1275         wrefresh (main_win);
1276
1277         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1278                         iter != NULL;
1279                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1280         {
1281                 ping_context_t *context;
1282
1283                 context = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1284                 if (context == NULL)
1285                         continue;
1286
1287                 if (context->window != NULL)
1288                 {
1289                         delwin (context->window);
1290                         context->window = NULL;
1291                 }
1292                 context->window = newwin (/* height = */ box_height,
1293                                 /* width = */ width,
1294                                 /* y = */ main_win_height + (box_height * context->index),
1295                                 /* x = */ 0);
1296         }
1297
1298         return (0);
1299 } /* }}} */
1300
1301 static int check_resize (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1302 {
1303         int need_resize = 0;
1304
1305         while (42)
1306         {
1307                 int key = wgetch (stdscr);
1308                 if (key == ERR)
1309                         break;
1310                 else if (key == KEY_RESIZE)
1311                         need_resize = 1;
1312                 else if (key == 'g')
1313                 {
1314                         if (opt_show_graph == 3)
1315                                 opt_show_graph = 1;
1316                         else if (opt_show_graph > 0)
1317                                 opt_show_graph++;
1318                 }
1319         }
1320
1321         if (need_resize)
1322                 return (on_resize (ping));
1323         else
1324                 return (0);
1325 } /* }}} int check_resize */
1326
1327 static int pre_loop_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1328 {
1329         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1330         int width = 0;
1331         int height = 0;
1332         int main_win_height;
1333         int box_height = (opt_show_graph == 0) ? 4 : 5;
1334
1335         initscr ();
1336         cbreak ();
1337         noecho ();
1338         nodelay (stdscr, TRUE);
1339
1340         getmaxyx (stdscr, height, width);
1341         if ((height < 1) || (width < 1))
1342                 return (EINVAL);
1343
1344         if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1345         {
1346                 start_color ();
1347                 init_pair (OPING_GREEN,  COLOR_GREEN,  /* default = */ 0);
1348                 init_pair (OPING_YELLOW, COLOR_YELLOW, /* default = */ 0);
1349                 init_pair (OPING_RED,    COLOR_RED,    /* default = */ 0);
1350                 init_pair (OPING_GREEN_HIST,  COLOR_GREEN,  COLOR_BLACK);
1351                 init_pair (OPING_YELLOW_HIST, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_GREEN);
1352                 init_pair (OPING_RED_HIST,    COLOR_RED,    COLOR_YELLOW);
1353         }
1354
1355         main_win_height = height - (box_height * host_num);
1356         main_win = newwin (/* height = */ main_win_height,
1357                         /* width = */ width,
1358                         /* y = */ 0, /* x = */ 0);
1359         /* Allow scrolling */
1360         scrollok (main_win, TRUE);
1361         /* wsetscrreg (main_win, 0, main_win_height - 1); */
1362         /* Allow hardware accelerated scrolling. */
1363         idlok (main_win, TRUE);
1364         wmove (main_win, /* y = */ main_win_height - 1, /* x = */ 0);
1365         wrefresh (main_win);
1366
1367         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1368                         iter != NULL;
1369                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1370         {
1371                 ping_context_t *context;
1372
1373                 context = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1374                 if (context == NULL)
1375                         continue;
1376
1377                 if (context->window != NULL)
1378                 {
1379                         delwin (context->window);
1380                         context->window = NULL;
1381                 }
1382                 context->window = newwin (/* height = */ box_height,
1383                                 /* width = */ width,
1384                                 /* y = */ main_win_height + (box_height * context->index),
1385                                 /* x = */ 0);
1386         }
1387
1388
1389         /* Don't know what good this does exactly, but without this code
1390          * "check_resize" will be called right after startup and *somehow*
1391          * this leads to display errors. If we purge all initial characters
1392          * here, the problem goes away. "wgetch" is non-blocking due to
1393          * "nodelay" (see above). */
1394         while (wgetch (stdscr) != ERR)
1395         {
1396                 /* eat up characters */;
1397         }
1398
1399         return (0);
1400 } /* }}} int pre_loop_hook */
1401
1402 static int pre_sleep_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1403 {
1404         return (check_resize (ping));
1405 } /* }}} int pre_sleep_hook */
1406
1407 static int post_sleep_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1408 {
1409         return (check_resize (ping));
1410 } /* }}} int pre_sleep_hook */
1411 #else /* if !USE_NCURSES */
1412 static int pre_loop_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1413 {
1414         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1415
1416         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1417                         iter != NULL;
1418                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1419         {
1420                 ping_context_t *ctx;
1421                 size_t buffer_size;
1422
1423                 ctx = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1424                 if (ctx == NULL)
1425                         continue;
1426
1427                 buffer_size = 0;
1428                 ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_DATA, NULL, &buffer_size);
1429
1430                 printf ("PING %s (%s) %zu bytes of data.\n",
1431                                 ctx->host, ctx->addr, buffer_size);
1432         }
1433
1434         return (0);
1435 } /* }}} int pre_loop_hook */
1436
1437 static int pre_sleep_hook (__attribute__((unused)) pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1438 {
1439         fflush (stdout);
1440
1441         return (0);
1442 } /* }}} int pre_sleep_hook */
1443
1444 static int post_sleep_hook (__attribute__((unused)) pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1445 {
1446         return (0);
1447 } /* }}} int post_sleep_hook */
1448 #endif
1449
1450 static void update_context (ping_context_t *ctx, double latency) /* {{{ */
1451 {
1452         ctx->req_sent++;
1453
1454         if (latency > 0.0)
1455         {
1456                 ctx->req_rcvd++;
1457                 ctx->latency_total += latency;
1458         }
1459         else
1460         {
1461                 latency = NAN;
1462         }
1463
1464         ctx->history_by_time[ctx->history_index] = latency;
1465
1466         ctx->history_dirty = 1;
1467
1468         /* Update index and size. */
1469         ctx->history_index = (ctx->history_index + 1) % HISTORY_SIZE_MAX;
1470         if (ctx->history_size < HISTORY_SIZE_MAX)
1471                 ctx->history_size++;
1472 } /* }}} void update_context */
1473
1474 static void update_host_hook (pingobj_iter_t *iter, /* {{{ */
1475                 __attribute__((unused)) int index)
1476 {
1477         double          latency;
1478         unsigned int    sequence;
1479         int             recv_ttl;
1480         uint8_t         recv_qos;
1481         char            recv_qos_str[16];
1482         size_t          buffer_len;
1483         size_t          data_len;
1484         ping_context_t *context;
1485
1486         latency = -1.0;
1487         buffer_len = sizeof (latency);
1488         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_LATENCY,
1489                         &latency, &buffer_len);
1490
1491         sequence = 0;
1492         buffer_len = sizeof (sequence);
1493         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_SEQUENCE,
1494                         &sequence, &buffer_len);
1495
1496         recv_ttl = -1;
1497         buffer_len = sizeof (recv_ttl);
1498         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_RECV_TTL,
1499                         &recv_ttl, &buffer_len);
1500
1501         recv_qos = 0;
1502         buffer_len = sizeof (recv_qos);
1503         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_RECV_QOS,
1504                         &recv_qos, &buffer_len);
1505
1506         data_len = 0;
1507         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_DATA,
1508                         NULL, &data_len);
1509
1510         context = (ping_context_t *) ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1511
1512 #if USE_NCURSES
1513 # define HOST_PRINTF(...) wprintw(main_win, __VA_ARGS__)
1514 #else
1515 # define HOST_PRINTF(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
1516 #endif
1517
1518         update_context (context, latency);
1519
1520         if (latency > 0.0)
1521         {
1522 #if USE_NCURSES
1523                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1524                 {
1525                         double ratio;
1526                         int color = OPING_GREEN;
1527
1528                         ratio = latency_to_ratio (context, latency);
1529                         if (ratio < threshold_green)
1530                                 color = OPING_GREEN;
1531                         else if (ratio < threshold_yellow)
1532                                 color = OPING_YELLOW;
1533                         else
1534                                 color = OPING_RED;
1535
1536                         HOST_PRINTF ("%zu bytes from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u ttl=%i ",
1537                                         data_len, context->host, context->addr,
1538                                         sequence, recv_ttl,
1539                                         format_qos (recv_qos, recv_qos_str, sizeof (recv_qos_str)));
1540                         if ((recv_qos != 0) || (opt_send_qos != 0))
1541                         {
1542                                 HOST_PRINTF ("qos=%s ",
1543                                                 format_qos (recv_qos, recv_qos_str, sizeof (recv_qos_str)));
1544                         }
1545                         HOST_PRINTF ("time=");
1546                         wattron (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1547                         HOST_PRINTF ("%.2f", latency);
1548                         wattroff (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1549                         HOST_PRINTF (" ms\n");
1550                 }
1551                 else
1552                 {
1553 #endif
1554                 HOST_PRINTF ("%zu bytes from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u ttl=%i ",
1555                                 data_len,
1556                                 context->host, context->addr,
1557                                 sequence, recv_ttl);
1558                 if ((recv_qos != 0) || (opt_send_qos != 0))
1559                 {
1560                         HOST_PRINTF ("qos=%s ",
1561                                         format_qos (recv_qos, recv_qos_str, sizeof (recv_qos_str)));
1562                 }
1563                 HOST_PRINTF ("time=%.2f ms\n", latency);
1564 #if USE_NCURSES
1565                 }
1566 #endif
1567         }
1568         else /* if (!(latency > 0.0)) */
1569         {
1570 #if USE_NCURSES
1571                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1572                 {
1573                         HOST_PRINTF ("echo reply from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u ",
1574                                         context->host, context->addr,
1575                                         sequence);
1576                         wattron (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(OPING_RED) | A_BOLD);
1577                         HOST_PRINTF ("timeout");
1578                         wattroff (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(OPING_RED) | A_BOLD);
1579                         HOST_PRINTF ("\n");
1580                 }
1581                 else
1582                 {
1583 #endif
1584                 HOST_PRINTF ("echo reply from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u timeout\n",
1585                                 context->host, context->addr,
1586                                 sequence);
1587 #if USE_NCURSES
1588                 }
1589 #endif
1590         }
1591
1592 #if USE_NCURSES
1593         update_stats_from_context (context, iter);
1594         wrefresh (main_win);
1595 #endif
1596 } /* }}} void update_host_hook */
1597
1598 /* Prints statistics for each host, cleans up the contexts and returns the
1599  * number of hosts which failed to return more than the fraction
1600  * opt_exit_status_threshold of pings. */
1601 static int post_loop_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1602 {
1603         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1604         int failure_count = 0;
1605
1606 #if USE_NCURSES
1607         endwin ();
1608 #endif
1609
1610         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1611                         iter != NULL;
1612                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1613         {
1614                 ping_context_t *context;
1615
1616                 context = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1617
1618                 printf ("\n--- %s ping statistics ---\n"
1619                                 "%i packets transmitted, %i received, %.2f%% packet loss, time %.1fms\n",
1620                                 context->host, context->req_sent, context->req_rcvd,
1621                                 context_get_packet_loss (context),
1622                                 context->latency_total);
1623
1624                 {
1625                         double pct_failed = 1.0 - (((double) context->req_rcvd)
1626                                         / ((double) context->req_sent));
1627                         if (pct_failed > opt_exit_status_threshold)
1628                                 failure_count++;
1629                 }
1630
1631                 if (context->req_rcvd != 0)
1632                 {
1633                         double min;
1634                         double median;
1635                         double max;
1636                         double percentile;
1637
1638                         min = percentile_to_latency (context, 0.0);
1639                         median = percentile_to_latency (context, 50.0);
1640                         max = percentile_to_latency (context, 100.0);
1641                         percentile = percentile_to_latency (context, opt_percentile);
1642
1643                         printf ("RTT[ms]: min = %.0f, median = %.0f, p(%.0f) = %.0f, max = %.0f\n",
1644                                         min, median, opt_percentile, percentile, max);
1645                 }
1646
1647                 ping_iterator_set_context (iter, NULL);
1648                 context_destroy (context);
1649         }
1650
1651         return (failure_count);
1652 } /* }}} int post_loop_hook */
1653
1654 int main (int argc, char **argv) /* {{{ */
1655 {
1656         pingobj_t      *ping;
1657         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1658
1659         struct sigaction sigint_action;
1660
1661         struct timeval  tv_begin;
1662         struct timeval  tv_end;
1663         struct timespec ts_wait;
1664         struct timespec ts_int;
1665
1666         int optind;
1667         int i;
1668         int status;
1669 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1670         uid_t saved_set_uid;
1671
1672         /* Save the old effective user id */
1673         saved_set_uid = geteuid ();
1674         /* Set the effective user ID to the real user ID without changing the
1675          * saved set-user ID */
1676         status = seteuid (getuid ());
1677         if (status != 0)
1678         {
1679                 fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily dropping privileges "
1680                                 "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1681                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1682         }
1683 #endif
1684
1685         setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
1686         optind = read_options (argc, argv);
1687
1688 #if !_POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1689         /* Cannot temporarily drop privileges -> reject every file but "-". */
1690         if ((opt_filename != NULL)
1691                         && (strcmp ("-", opt_filename) != 0)
1692                         && (getuid () != geteuid ()))
1693         {
1694                 fprintf (stderr, "Your real and effective user IDs don't "
1695                                 "match. Reading from a file (option '-f')\n"
1696                                 "is therefore too risky. You can still read "
1697                                 "from STDIN using '-f -' if you like.\n"
1698                                 "Sorry.\n");
1699                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1700         }
1701 #endif
1702
1703         if ((optind >= argc) && (opt_filename == NULL)) {
1704                 usage_exit (argv[0], 1);
1705         }
1706
1707         if ((ping = ping_construct ()) == NULL)
1708         {
1709                 fprintf (stderr, "ping_construct failed\n");
1710                 return (1);
1711         }
1712
1713         if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_TTL, &opt_send_ttl) != 0)
1714         {
1715                 fprintf (stderr, "Setting TTL to %i failed: %s\n",
1716                                 opt_send_ttl, ping_get_error (ping));
1717         }
1718
1719         if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_QOS, &opt_send_qos) != 0)
1720         {
1721                 fprintf (stderr, "Setting TOS to %i failed: %s\n",
1722                                 opt_send_qos, ping_get_error (ping));
1723         }
1724
1725         {
1726                 double temp_sec;
1727                 double temp_nsec;
1728
1729                 temp_nsec = modf (opt_interval, &temp_sec);
1730                 ts_int.tv_sec  = (time_t) temp_sec;
1731                 ts_int.tv_nsec = (long) (temp_nsec * 1000000000L);
1732
1733                 /* printf ("ts_int = %i.%09li\n", (int) ts_int.tv_sec, ts_int.tv_nsec); */
1734         }
1735
1736         if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_TIMEOUT, (void*)(&opt_timeout)) != 0)
1737         {
1738                 fprintf (stderr, "Setting timeout failed: %s\n",
1739                                 ping_get_error (ping));
1740         }
1741
1742         if (opt_addrfamily != PING_DEF_AF)
1743                 ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_AF, (void *) &opt_addrfamily);
1744
1745         if (opt_srcaddr != NULL)
1746         {
1747                 if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_SOURCE, (void *) opt_srcaddr) != 0)
1748                 {
1749                         fprintf (stderr, "Setting source address failed: %s\n",
1750                                         ping_get_error (ping));
1751                 }
1752         }
1753
1754         if (opt_device != NULL)
1755         {
1756                 if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_DEVICE, (void *) opt_device) != 0)
1757                 {
1758                         fprintf (stderr, "Setting device failed: %s\n",
1759                                         ping_get_error (ping));
1760                 }
1761         }
1762
1763         if (opt_filename != NULL)
1764         {
1765                 FILE *infile;
1766                 char line[256];
1767                 char host[256];
1768
1769                 if (strcmp (opt_filename, "-") == 0)
1770                         /* Open STDIN */
1771                         infile = fdopen(0, "r");
1772                 else
1773                         infile = fopen(opt_filename, "r");
1774
1775                 if (infile == NULL)
1776                 {
1777                         fprintf (stderr, "Opening %s failed: %s\n",
1778                                         (strcmp (opt_filename, "-") == 0)
1779                                         ? "STDIN" : opt_filename,
1780                                         strerror(errno));
1781                         return (1);
1782                 }
1783
1784 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1785                 /* Regain privileges */
1786                 status = seteuid (saved_set_uid);
1787                 if (status != 0)
1788                 {
1789                         fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily re-gaining privileges "
1790                                         "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1791                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1792                 }
1793 #endif
1794
1795                 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), infile))
1796                 {
1797                         /* Strip whitespace */
1798                         if (sscanf(line, "%s", host) != 1)
1799                                 continue;
1800
1801                         if ((host[0] == 0) || (host[0] == '#'))
1802                                 continue;
1803
1804                         if (ping_host_add(ping, host) < 0)
1805                         {
1806                                 const char *errmsg = ping_get_error (ping);
1807
1808                                 fprintf (stderr, "Adding host `%s' failed: %s\n", host, errmsg);
1809                                 continue;
1810                         }
1811                         else
1812                         {
1813                                 host_num++;
1814                         }
1815                 }
1816
1817 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1818                 /* Drop privileges */
1819                 status = seteuid (getuid ());
1820                 if (status != 0)
1821                 {
1822                         fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily dropping privileges "
1823                                         "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1824                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1825                 }
1826 #endif
1827
1828                 fclose(infile);
1829         }
1830
1831 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1832         /* Regain privileges */
1833         status = seteuid (saved_set_uid);
1834         if (status != 0)
1835         {
1836                 fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily re-gaining privileges "
1837                                 "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1838                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1839         }
1840 #endif
1841
1842         for (i = optind; i < argc; i++)
1843         {
1844                 if (ping_host_add (ping, argv[i]) < 0)
1845                 {
1846                         const char *errmsg = ping_get_error (ping);
1847
1848                         fprintf (stderr, "Adding host `%s' failed: %s\n", argv[i], errmsg);
1849                         continue;
1850                 }
1851                 else
1852                 {
1853                         host_num++;
1854                 }
1855         }
1856
1857         /* Permanently drop root privileges if we're setuid-root. */
1858         status = setuid (getuid ());
1859         if (status != 0)
1860         {
1861                 fprintf (stderr, "Dropping privileges failed: %s\n",
1862                                 strerror (errno));
1863                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1864         }
1865
1866         if (host_num == 0)
1867                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1868
1869 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1870         saved_set_uid = (uid_t) -1;
1871 #endif
1872
1873         ping_initialize_contexts (ping);
1874
1875         if (i == 0)
1876                 return (1);
1877
1878         memset (&sigint_action, '\0', sizeof (sigint_action));
1879         sigint_action.sa_handler = sigint_handler;
1880         if (sigaction (SIGINT, &sigint_action, NULL) < 0)
1881         {
1882                 perror ("sigaction");
1883                 return (1);
1884         }
1885
1886         pre_loop_hook (ping);
1887
1888         while (opt_count != 0)
1889         {
1890                 int index;
1891                 int status;
1892
1893                 if (gettimeofday (&tv_begin, NULL) < 0)
1894                 {
1895                         perror ("gettimeofday");
1896                         return (1);
1897                 }
1898
1899                 status = ping_send (ping);
1900                 if (status == -EINTR)
1901                 {
1902                         continue;
1903                 }
1904                 else if (status < 0)
1905                 {
1906                         fprintf (stderr, "ping_send failed: %s\n",
1907                                         ping_get_error (ping));
1908                         return (1);
1909                 }
1910
1911                 index = 0;
1912                 for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1913                                 iter != NULL;
1914                                 iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1915                 {
1916                         update_host_hook (iter, index);
1917                         index++;
1918                 }
1919
1920                 pre_sleep_hook (ping);
1921
1922                 /* Don't sleep in the last iteration */
1923                 if (opt_count == 1)
1924                         break;
1925
1926                 if (gettimeofday (&tv_end, NULL) < 0)
1927                 {
1928                         perror ("gettimeofday");
1929                         return (1);
1930                 }
1931
1932                 time_calc (&ts_wait, &ts_int, &tv_begin, &tv_end);
1933
1934                 /* printf ("Sleeping for %i.%09li seconds\n", (int) ts_wait.tv_sec, ts_wait.tv_nsec); */
1935                 while ((status = nanosleep (&ts_wait, &ts_wait)) != 0)
1936                 {
1937                         if (errno == EINTR)
1938                         {
1939                                 continue;
1940                         }
1941                         else
1942                         {
1943                                 perror ("nanosleep");
1944                                 break;
1945                         }
1946                 }
1947
1948                 post_sleep_hook (ping);
1949
1950                 if (opt_count > 0)
1951                         opt_count--;
1952         } /* while (opt_count != 0) */
1953
1954         /* Returns the number of failed hosts according to -Z. */
1955         status = post_loop_hook (ping);
1956
1957         ping_destroy (ping);
1958
1959         if (status == 0)
1960                 exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1961         else
1962         {
1963                 if (status > 255)
1964                         status = 255;
1965                 exit (status);
1966         }
1967 } /* }}} int main */
1968
1969 /* vim: set fdm=marker : */