src/oping.c

   1 /**
   2  * Object oriented C module to send ICMP and ICMPv6 `echo's.
   3  * Copyright (C) 2006-2016  Florian octo Forster <ff at octo.it>
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   6  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   7  * the Free Software Foundation; only version 2 of the License is
   8  * applicable.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
  18  */
  19
  20 #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
  21 # include <config.h>
  22 #endif
  23
  24 #if STDC_HEADERS
  25 # include <stdlib.h>
  26 # include <stdio.h>
  27 # include <string.h>
  28 # include <stdint.h>
  29 # include <inttypes.h>
  30 # include <errno.h>
  31 # include <assert.h>
  32 #else
  33 # error "You don't have the standard C99 header files installed"
  34 #endif /* STDC_HEADERS */
  35
  36 #if HAVE_UNISTD_H
  37 # include <unistd.h>
  38 #endif
  39
  40 #if HAVE_MATH_H
  41 # include <math.h>
  42 #endif
  43
  44 #if TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME
  45 # include <sys/time.h>
  46 # include <time.h>
  47 #else
  48 # if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
  49 #  include <sys/time.h>
  50 # else
  51 #  include <time.h>
  52 # endif
  53 #endif
  54
  55 #if HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
  56 # include <sys/socket.h>
  57 #endif
  58 #if HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
  59 # include <netinet/in.h>
  60 #endif
  61 #if HAVE_NETINET_IP_H
  62 # include <netinet/ip.h>
  63 #endif
  64
  65 #if HAVE_NETDB_H
  66 # include <netdb.h> /* NI_MAXHOST */
  67 #endif
  68
  69 #if HAVE_SIGNAL_H
  70 # include <signal.h>
  71 #endif
  72
  73 #if HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
  74 #include <sys/types.h>
  75 #endif
  76
  77 #include <locale.h>
  78 #include <langinfo.h>
  79
  80 #if USE_NCURSES
  81 # define NCURSES_OPAQUE 1
  82 /* http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Rec/rec.games.roguelike.development/2010-09/msg00050.html */
  83 # define _X_OPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
  84
  85 #if defined HAVE_NCURSESW_CURSES_H
  86 #  include <ncursesw/curses.h>
  87 #elif defined HAVE_NCURSESW_H
  88 #  include <ncursesw.h>
  89 #elif defined HAVE_NCURSES_CURSES_H
  90 #  include <ncurses/curses.h>
  91 #elif defined HAVE_NCURSES_H
  92 #  include <ncurses.h>
  93 #else
  94 #  error "SysV or X/Open-compatible Curses header file required"
  95 #endif
  96
  97 # define OPING_GREEN 1
  98 # define OPING_YELLOW 2
  99 # define OPING_RED 3
 100 # define OPING_GREEN_HIST 4
 101 # define OPING_YELLOW_HIST 5
 102 # define OPING_RED_HIST 6
 103
 104 double const threshold_green = 0.8;
 105 double const threshold_yellow = 0.95;
 106
 107 static char const * const hist_symbols_utf8[] = {
 108         "▁", "▂", "▃", "▄", "▅", "▆", "▇", "█" };
 109 static size_t const hist_symbols_utf8_num = sizeof (hist_symbols_utf8)
 110         / sizeof (hist_symbols_utf8[0]);
 111
 112 /* scancodes for 6 levels of horizontal bars, ncurses-specific */
 113 /* those are not the usual constants because those are not constant */
 114 static int const hist_symbols_acs[] = {
 115         115, /* ACS_S9 "⎽" */
 116         114, /* ACS_S7 "⎼" */
 117         113, /* ACS_S5 "─" */
 118         112, /* ACS_S3 "⎻" */
 119         111  /* ACS_S1 "⎺" */
 120 };
 121 static size_t const hist_symbols_acs_num = sizeof (hist_symbols_acs)
 122         / sizeof (hist_symbols_acs[0]);
 123
 124 /* use different colors without a background for scancodes */
 125 static int const hist_colors_utf8[] = {
 126         OPING_GREEN_HIST, OPING_YELLOW_HIST, OPING_RED_HIST };
 127 static int const hist_colors_acs[] = {
 128         OPING_GREEN, OPING_YELLOW, OPING_RED };
 129 /* assuming that both arrays are the same size */
 130 static size_t const hist_colors_num = sizeof (hist_colors_utf8)
 131         / sizeof (hist_colors_utf8[0]);
 132 #endif
 133
 134 /* "─" */
 135 #define BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR       (113 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 136 /* "├" */
 137 #define BOXPLOT_WHISKER_LEFT_END  (116 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 138 /* "┤" */
 139 #define BOXPLOT_WHISKER_RIGHT_END (117 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 140 /* Inverted */
 141 #define BOXPLOT_BOX               ' '
 142 /* "│", inverted */
 143 #define BOXPLOT_MEDIAN            (120 | A_ALTCHARSET)
 144
 145 #include "oping.h"
 146
 147 #ifndef _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
 148 # define _POSIX_SAVED_IDS 0
 149 #endif
 150
 151 #ifndef IPTOS_MINCOST
 152 # define IPTOS_MINCOST 0x02
 153 #endif
 154
 155 /* Remove GNU specific __attribute__ settings when using another compiler */
 156 #if !__GNUC__
 157 # define __attribute__(x) /**/
 158 #endif
 159
 160 typedef struct ping_context
 161 {
 162         char host[NI_MAXHOST];
 163         char addr[NI_MAXHOST];
 164
 165         int index;
 166         int req_sent;
 167         int req_rcvd;
 168
 169         double latency_total;
 170
 171 #ifndef HISTORY_SIZE_MAX
 172 # define HISTORY_SIZE_MAX 900
 173 #endif
 174         /* The last n RTTs in the order they were sent. */
 175         double history_by_time[HISTORY_SIZE_MAX];
 176
 177         /* Current number of entries in the history. This is a value between 0
 178          * and HISTORY_SIZE_MAX. */
 179         size_t history_size;
 180
 181         /* Total number of reponses received. */
 182         size_t history_received;
 183
 184         /* Index of the next RTT to be written to history_by_time. This wraps
 185          * around to 0 once the histroty has grown to HISTORY_SIZE_MAX. */
 186         size_t history_index;
 187
 188         /* The last history_size RTTs sorted by value. timed out packets (NAN
 189          * entries) are sorted to the back. */
 190         double history_by_value[HISTORY_SIZE_MAX];
 191
 192         /* If set to true, history_by_value has to be re-calculated. */
 193         _Bool history_dirty;
 194
 195 #if USE_NCURSES
 196         WINDOW *window;
 197 #endif
 198 } ping_context_t;
 199
 200 static double  opt_interval   = 1.0;
 201 static double  opt_timeout    = PING_DEF_TIMEOUT;
 202 static int     opt_addrfamily = PING_DEF_AF;
 203 static char   *opt_srcaddr    = NULL;
 204 static char   *opt_device     = NULL;
 205 static char   *opt_mark       = NULL;
 206 static char   *opt_filename   = NULL;
 207 static int     opt_count      = -1;
 208 static int     opt_send_ttl   = 64;
 209 static uint8_t opt_send_qos   = 0;
 210 #define OPING_DEFAULT_PERCENTILE 95.0
 211 static double  opt_percentile = -1.0;
 212 static double  opt_exit_status_threshold = 1.0;
 213 #if USE_NCURSES
 214 static int     opt_show_graph = 1;
 215 static int     opt_utf8       = 0;
 216 #endif
 217 static char   *opt_outfile    = NULL;
 218 static int     opt_bell       = 0;
 219
 220 static int host_num  = 0;
 221 static FILE *outfile = NULL;
 222
 223 #if USE_NCURSES
 224 static WINDOW *main_win = NULL;
 225 #endif
 226
 227 static void sigint_handler (int signal) /* {{{ */
 228 {
 229         /* Make compiler happy */
 230         signal = 0;
 231         /* Exit the loop */
 232         opt_count = 0;
 233 } /* }}} void sigint_handler */
 234
 235 static ping_context_t *context_create () /* {{{ */
 236 {
 237         ping_context_t *ctx = calloc (1, sizeof (*ctx));
 238         if (ctx == NULL)
 239                 return (NULL);
 240
 241 #if USE_NCURSES
 242         ctx->window = NULL;
 243 #endif
 244
 245         return (ctx);
 246 } /* }}} ping_context_t *context_create */
 247
 248 static void context_destroy (ping_context_t *context) /* {{{ */
 249 {
 250         if (context == NULL)
 251                 return;
 252
 253 #if USE_NCURSES
 254         if (context->window != NULL)
 255         {
 256                 delwin (context->window);
 257                 context->window = NULL;
 258         }
 259 #endif
 260
 261         free (context);
 262 } /* }}} void context_destroy */
 263
 264 static int compare_double (void const *arg0, void const *arg1) /* {{{ */
 265 {
 266         double dbl0 = *((double *) arg0);
 267         double dbl1 = *((double *) arg1);
 268
 269         if (isnan (dbl0))
 270         {
 271                 if (isnan (dbl1))
 272                         return 0;
 273                 else
 274                         return 1;
 275         }
 276         else if (isnan (dbl1))
 277                 return -1;
 278         else if (dbl0 < dbl1)
 279                 return -1;
 280         else if (dbl0 > dbl1)
 281                 return 1;
 282         else
 283                 return 0;
 284 } /* }}} int compare_double */
 285
 286 static void clean_history (ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
 287 {
 288         size_t i;
 289
 290         if (!ctx->history_dirty)
 291                 return;
 292
 293         /* Copy all values from by_time to by_value. */
 294         memcpy (ctx->history_by_value, ctx->history_by_time,
 295                         sizeof (ctx->history_by_time));
 296
 297         /* Sort all RTTs. */
 298         qsort (ctx->history_by_value, ctx->history_size, sizeof
 299                         (ctx->history_by_value[0]), compare_double);
 300
 301         /* Update the number of received RTTs. */
 302         ctx->history_received = 0;
 303         for (i = 0; i < ctx->history_size; i++)
 304                 if (!isnan (ctx->history_by_value[i]))
 305                         ctx->history_received++;
 306
 307         /* Mark as clean. */
 308         ctx->history_dirty = 0;
 309 } /* }}} void clean_history */
 310
 311 static double percentile_to_latency (ping_context_t *ctx, /* {{{ */
 312                 double percentile)
 313 {
 314         size_t index;
 315
 316         clean_history (ctx);
 317
 318         /* Not a single packet was received successfully. */
 319         if (ctx->history_received == 0)
 320                 return NAN;
 321
 322         if (percentile <= 0.0)
 323                 index = 0;
 324         else if (percentile >= 100.0)
 325                 index = ctx->history_received - 1;
 326         else
 327         {
 328                 index = (size_t) ceil ((percentile / 100.0) * ((double) ctx->history_received));
 329                 assert (index > 0);
 330                 index--;
 331         }
 332
 333         return (ctx->history_by_value[index]);
 334 } /* }}} double percentile_to_latency */
 335
 336 #if USE_NCURSES
 337 static double latency_to_ratio (ping_context_t *ctx, /* {{{ */
 338                 double latency)
 339 {
 340         size_t low;
 341         size_t high;
 342         size_t index;
 343
 344         clean_history (ctx);
 345
 346         /* Not a single packet was received successfully. */
 347         if (ctx->history_received == 0)
 348                 return NAN;
 349
 350         low = 0;
 351         high = ctx->history_received - 1;
 352
 353         if (latency < ctx->history_by_value[low])
 354                 return 0.0;
 355         else if (latency >= ctx->history_by_value[high])
 356                 return 100.0;
 357
 358         /* Do a binary search for the latency. This will work even when the
 359          * exact latency is not in the array. If the latency is in the array
 360          * multiple times, "low" will be set to the index of the last
 361          * occurrence. The value at index "high" will be larger than the
 362          * searched for latency (assured by the above "if" block. */
 363         while ((high - low) > 1)
 364         {
 365                 index = (high + low) / 2;
 366
 367                 if (ctx->history_by_value[index] > latency)
 368                         high = index;
 369                 else
 370                         low = index;
 371         }
 372
 373         assert (ctx->history_by_value[high] > latency);
 374         assert (ctx->history_by_value[low] <= latency);
 375
 376         if (ctx->history_by_value[low] == latency)
 377                 index = low;
 378         else
 379                 index = high;
 380
 381         return (((double) (index + 1)) / ((double) ctx->history_received));
 382 } /* }}} double latency_to_ratio */
 383 #endif
 384
 385 static double context_get_packet_loss (const ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
 386 {
 387         if (ctx == NULL)
 388                 return (-1.0);
 389
 390         if (ctx->req_sent < 1)
 391                 return (0.0);
 392
 393         return (100.0 * (ctx->req_sent - ctx->req_rcvd)
 394                         / ((double) ctx->req_sent));
 395 } /* }}} double context_get_packet_loss */
 396
 397 static int ping_initialize_contexts (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
 398 {
 399         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
 400         int index;
 401
 402         if (ping == NULL)
 403                 return (EINVAL);
 404
 405         index = 0;
 406         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
 407                         iter != NULL;
 408                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
 409         {
 410                 ping_context_t *context;
 411                 size_t buffer_size;
 412
 413                 context = context_create ();
 414                 context->index = index;
 415
 416                 buffer_size = sizeof (context->host);
 417                 ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_HOSTNAME, context->host, &buffer_size);
 418
 419                 buffer_size = sizeof (context->addr);
 420                 ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_ADDRESS, context->addr, &buffer_size);
 421
 422                 ping_iterator_set_context (iter, (void *) context);
 423
 424                 index++;
 425         }
 426
 427         return (0);
 428 } /* }}} int ping_initialize_contexts */
 429
 430 static void usage_exit (const char *name, int status) /* {{{ */
 431 {
 432         fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] "
 433                                 "-f filename | host [host [host ...]]\n"
 434
 435                         "\nAvailable options:\n"
 436                         "  -4|-6        force the use of IPv4 or IPv6\n"
 437                         "  -c count     number of ICMP packets to send\n"
 438                         "  -i interval  interval with which to send ICMP packets\n"
 439                         "  -w timeout   time to wait for replies, in seconds\n"
 440                         "  -t ttl       time to live for each ICMP packet\n"
 441                         "  -Q qos       Quality of Service (QoS) of outgoing packets\n"
 442                         "               Use \"-Q help\" for a list of valid options.\n"
 443                         "  -I srcaddr   source address\n"
 444                         "  -D device    outgoing interface name\n"
 445                         "  -m mark      mark to set on outgoing packets\n"
 446                         "  -f filename  read hosts from <filename>\n"
 447                         "  -O filename  write RTT measurements to <filename>\n"
 448 #if USE_NCURSES
 449                         "  -u / -U      force / disable UTF-8 output\n"
 450                         "  -g graph     graph type to draw\n"
 451 #endif
 452                         "  -P percent   Report the n'th percentile of latency\n"
 453                         "  -Z percent   Exit with non-zero exit status if more than this percentage of\n"
 454                         "               probes timed out. (default: never)\n"
 455
 456                         "\noping "PACKAGE_VERSION", http://noping.cc/\n"
 457                         "by Florian octo Forster <ff@octo.it>\n"
 458                         "for contributions see `AUTHORS'\n",
 459                         name);
 460         exit (status);
 461 } /* }}} void usage_exit */
 462
 463 __attribute__((noreturn))
 464 static void usage_qos_exit (const char *arg, int status) /* {{{ */
 465 {
 466         if (arg != 0)
 467                 fprintf (stderr, "Invalid QoS argument: \"%s\"\n\n", arg);
 468
 469         fprintf (stderr, "Valid QoS arguments (option \"-Q\") are:\n"
 470                         "\n"
 471                         "  Differentiated Services (IPv4 and IPv6, RFC 2474)\n"
 472                         "\n"
 473                         "    be                     Best Effort (BE, default PHB).\n"
 474                         "    ef                     Expedited Forwarding (EF) PHB group (RFC 3246).\n"
 475                         "                           (low delay, low loss, low jitter)\n"
 476                         "    va                     Voice Admit (VA) DSCP (RFC 5865).\n"
 477                         "                           (capacity-admitted traffic)\n"
 478                         "    af[1-4][1-3]           Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB group (RFC 2597).\n"
 479                         "                           For example: \"af12\" (class 1, precedence 2)\n"
 480                         "    cs[0-7]                Class Selector (CS) PHB group (RFC 2474).\n"
 481                         "                           For example: \"cs1\" (priority traffic)\n"
 482                         "\n"
 483                         "  Type of Service (IPv4, RFC 1349, obsolete)\n"
 484                         "\n"
 485                         "    lowdelay     (%#04x)    minimize delay\n"
 486                         "    throughput   (%#04x)    maximize throughput\n"
 487                         "    reliability  (%#04x)    maximize reliability\n"
 488                         "    mincost      (%#04x)    minimize monetary cost\n"
 489                         "\n"
 490                         "  Specify manually\n"
 491                         "\n"
 492                         "    0x00 - 0xff            Hexadecimal numeric specification.\n"
 493                         "       0 -  255            Decimal numeric specification.\n"
 494                         "\n",
 495                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_LOWDELAY,
 496                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_THROUGHPUT,
 497                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_RELIABILITY,
 498                         (unsigned int) IPTOS_MINCOST);
 499
 500         exit (status);
 501 } /* }}} void usage_qos_exit */
 502
 503 static int set_opt_send_qos (const char *opt) /* {{{ */
 504 {
 505         if (opt == NULL)
 506                 return (EINVAL);
 507
 508         if (strcasecmp ("help", opt) == 0)
 509                 usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ NULL, /* status = */ EXIT_SUCCESS);
 510         /* DiffServ (RFC 2474): */
 511         /* - Best effort (BE) */
 512         else if (strcasecmp ("be", opt) == 0)
 513                 opt_send_qos = 0;
 514         /* - Expedited Forwarding (EF, RFC 3246) */
 515         else if (strcasecmp ("ef", opt) == 0)
 516                 opt_send_qos = 0xB8; /* == 0x2E << 2 */
 517         /* - Voice Admit (VA, RFC 5865) */
 518         else if (strcasecmp ("va", opt) == 0)
 519                 opt_send_qos = 0xB0; /* == 0x2D << 2 */
 520         /* - Assured Forwarding (AF, RFC 2597) */
 521         else if ((strncasecmp ("af", opt, strlen ("af")) == 0)
 522                         && (strlen (opt) == 4))
 523         {
 524                 uint8_t dscp;
 525                 uint8_t class = 0;
 526                 uint8_t prec = 0;
 527
 528                 /* There are four classes, AF1x, AF2x, AF3x, and AF4x. */
 529                 if (opt[2] == '1')
 530                         class = 1;
 531                 else if (opt[2] == '2')
 532                         class = 2;
 533                 else if (opt[2] == '3')
 534                         class = 3;
 535                 else if (opt[2] == '4')
 536                         class = 4;
 537                 else
 538                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_SUCCESS);
 539
 540                 /* In each class, there are three precedences, AFx1, AFx2, and AFx3 */
 541                 if (opt[3] == '1')
 542                         prec = 1;
 543                 else if (opt[3] == '2')
 544                         prec = 2;
 545                 else if (opt[3] == '3')
 546                         prec = 3;
 547                 else
 548                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_SUCCESS);
 549
 550                 dscp = (8 * class) + (2 * prec);
 551                 /* The lower two bits are used for Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) */
 552                 opt_send_qos = dscp << 2;
 553         }
 554         /* - Class Selector (CS) */
 555         else if ((strncasecmp ("cs", opt, strlen ("cs")) == 0)
 556                         && (strlen (opt) == 3))
 557         {
 558                 uint8_t class;
 559
 560                 if ((opt[2] < '0') || (opt[2] > '7'))
 561                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_FAILURE);
 562
 563                 /* Not exactly legal by the C standard, but I don't know of any
 564                  * system not supporting this hack. */
 565                 class = ((uint8_t) opt[2]) - ((uint8_t) '0');
 566                 opt_send_qos = class << 5;
 567         }
 568         /* Type of Service (RFC 1349) */
 569         else if (strcasecmp ("lowdelay", opt) == 0)
 570                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_LOWDELAY;
 571         else if (strcasecmp ("throughput", opt) == 0)
 572                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_THROUGHPUT;
 573         else if (strcasecmp ("reliability", opt) == 0)
 574                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_RELIABILITY;
 575         else if (strcasecmp ("mincost", opt) == 0)
 576                 opt_send_qos = IPTOS_MINCOST;
 577         /* Numeric value */
 578         else
 579         {
 580                 unsigned long value;
 581                 char *endptr;
 582
 583                 errno = 0;
 584                 endptr = NULL;
 585                 value = strtoul (opt, &endptr, /* base = */ 0);
 586                 if ((errno != 0) || (endptr == opt)
 587                                 || (endptr == NULL) || (*endptr != 0)
 588                                 || (value > 0xff))
 589                         usage_qos_exit (/* arg = */ opt, /* status = */ EXIT_FAILURE);
 590
 591                 opt_send_qos = (uint8_t) value;
 592         }
 593
 594         return (0);
 595 } /* }}} int set_opt_send_qos */
 596
 597 static char *format_qos (uint8_t qos, char *buffer, size_t buffer_size) /* {{{ */
 598 {
 599         uint8_t dscp;
 600         uint8_t ecn;
 601         char *dscp_str;
 602         char *ecn_str;
 603
 604         dscp = qos >> 2;
 605         ecn = qos & 0x03;
 606
 607         switch (dscp)
 608         {
 609                 case 0x00: dscp_str = "be";  break;
 610                 case 0x2e: dscp_str = "ef";  break;
 611                 case 0x2d: dscp_str = "va";  break;
 612                 case 0x0a: dscp_str = "af11"; break;
 613                 case 0x0c: dscp_str = "af12"; break;
 614                 case 0x0e: dscp_str = "af13"; break;
 615                 case 0x12: dscp_str = "af21"; break;
 616                 case 0x14: dscp_str = "af22"; break;
 617                 case 0x16: dscp_str = "af23"; break;
 618                 case 0x1a: dscp_str = "af31"; break;
 619                 case 0x1c: dscp_str = "af32"; break;
 620                 case 0x1e: dscp_str = "af33"; break;
 621                 case 0x22: dscp_str = "af41"; break;
 622                 case 0x24: dscp_str = "af42"; break;
 623                 case 0x26: dscp_str = "af43"; break;
 624                 case 0x08: dscp_str = "cs1";  break;
 625                 case 0x10: dscp_str = "cs2";  break;
 626                 case 0x18: dscp_str = "cs3";  break;
 627                 case 0x20: dscp_str = "cs4";  break;
 628                 case 0x28: dscp_str = "cs5";  break;
 629                 case 0x30: dscp_str = "cs6";  break;
 630                 case 0x38: dscp_str = "cs7";  break;
 631                 default:   dscp_str = NULL;
 632         }
 633
 634         switch (ecn)
 635         {
 636                 case 0x01: ecn_str = ",ecn(1)"; break;
 637                 case 0x02: ecn_str = ",ecn(0)"; break;
 638                 case 0x03: ecn_str = ",ce"; break;
 639                 default:   ecn_str = "";
 640         }
 641
 642         if (dscp_str == NULL)
 643                 snprintf (buffer, buffer_size, "0x%02x%s", dscp, ecn_str);
 644         else
 645                 snprintf (buffer, buffer_size, "%s%s", dscp_str, ecn_str);
 646         buffer[buffer_size - 1] = 0;
 647
 648         return (buffer);
 649 } /* }}} char *format_qos */
 650
 651 static int read_options (int argc, char **argv) /* {{{ */
 652 {
 653         int optchar;
 654
 655         while (1)
 656         {
 657                 optchar = getopt (argc, argv, "46c:hi:I:t:Q:f:D:Z:O:P:m:w:b"
 658 #if USE_NCURSES
 659                                 "uUg:"
 660 #endif
 661                                 );
 662
 663                 if (optchar == -1)
 664                         break;
 665
 666                 switch (optchar)
 667                 {
 668                         case '4':
 669                         case '6':
 670                                 opt_addrfamily = (optchar == '4') ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
 671                                 break;
 672
 673                         case 'c':
 674                                 {
 675                                         int new_count;
 676                                         new_count = atoi (optarg);
 677                                         if (new_count > 0)
 678                                         {
 679                                                 opt_count = new_count;
 680
 681                                                 if ((opt_percentile < 0.0) && (opt_count < 20))
 682                                                         opt_percentile = 100.0 * (opt_count - 1) / opt_count;
 683                                         }
 684                                         else
 685                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring invalid count: %s\n",
 686                                                                 optarg);
 687                                 }
 688                                 break;
 689
 690                         case 'f':
 691                                 {
 692                                         if (opt_filename != NULL)
 693                                                 free (opt_filename);
 694                                         opt_filename = strdup (optarg);
 695                                 }
 696                                 break;
 697
 698                         case 'i':
 699                                 {
 700                                         double new_interval;
 701                                         new_interval = atof (optarg);
 702                                         if (new_interval < 0.001)
 703                                                 fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid interval: %s\n",
 704                                                                 optarg);
 705                                         else
 706                                                 opt_interval = new_interval;
 707                                 }
 708                                 break;
 709
 710                         case 'w':
 711                                 {
 712                                         char *endp = NULL;
 713                                         double t = strtod (optarg, &endp);
 714                                         if ((optarg[0] != 0) && (endp != NULL) && (*endp == 0))
 715                                                 opt_timeout = t;
 716                                         else
 717                                                 fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid timeout: %s\n",
 718                                                                 optarg);
 719                                 }
 720                                 break;
 721
 722                         case 'I':
 723                                 {
 724                                         if (opt_srcaddr != NULL)
 725                                                 free (opt_srcaddr);
 726                                         opt_srcaddr = strdup (optarg);
 727                                 }
 728                                 break;
 729
 730                         case 'D':
 731                                 opt_device = optarg;
 732                                 break;
 733
 734                         case 'm':
 735                                 opt_mark = optarg;
 736                                 break;
 737
 738                         case 't':
 739                         {
 740                                 int new_send_ttl;
 741                                 new_send_ttl = atoi (optarg);
 742                                 if ((new_send_ttl > 0) && (new_send_ttl < 256))
 743                                         opt_send_ttl = new_send_ttl;
 744                                 else
 745                                         fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid TTL argument: %s\n",
 746                                                         optarg);
 747                                 break;
 748                         }
 749
 750                         case 'Q':
 751                                 set_opt_send_qos (optarg);
 752                                 break;
 753
 754                         case 'O':
 755                                 {
 756                                         free (opt_outfile);
 757                                         opt_outfile = strdup (optarg);
 758                                 }
 759                                 break;
 760
 761                         case 'P':
 762                                 {
 763                                         double new_percentile;
 764                                         new_percentile = atof (optarg);
 765                                         if (isnan (new_percentile)
 766                                                         || (new_percentile < 0.1)
 767                                                         || (new_percentile > 100.0))
 768                                                 fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid percentile: %s\n",
 769                                                                 optarg);
 770                                         else
 771                                                 opt_percentile = new_percentile;
 772                                 }
 773                                 break;
 774
 775 #if USE_NCURSES
 776                         case 'g':
 777                                 if (strcasecmp ("none", optarg) == 0)
 778                                         opt_show_graph = 0;
 779                                 else if (strcasecmp ("prettyping", optarg) == 0)
 780                                         opt_show_graph = 1;
 781                                 else if (strcasecmp ("histogram", optarg) == 0)
 782                                         opt_show_graph = 2;
 783                                 else if (strcasecmp ("boxplot", optarg) == 0)
 784                                         opt_show_graph = 3;
 785                                 else
 786                                         fprintf (stderr, "Unknown graph option: %s\n", optarg);
 787                                 break;
 788
 789                         case 'u':
 790                                 opt_utf8 = 2;
 791                                 break;
 792                         case 'U':
 793                                 opt_utf8 = 1;
 794                                 break;
 795 #endif
 796                         case 'b':
 797                                 opt_bell = 1;
 798                                 break;
 799
 800                         case 'Z':
 801                         {
 802                                 char *endptr = NULL;
 803                                 double tmp;
 804
 805                                 errno = 0;
 806                                 tmp = strtod (optarg, &endptr);
 807                                 if ((errno != 0) || (endptr == NULL) || (*endptr != 0) || (tmp < 0.0) || (tmp > 100.0))
 808                                 {
 809                                         fprintf (stderr, "Ignoring invalid -Z argument: %s\n", optarg);
 810                                         fprintf (stderr, "The \"-Z\" option requires a numeric argument between 0 and 100.\n");
 811                                 }
 812                                 else
 813                                         opt_exit_status_threshold = tmp / 100.0;
 814
 815                                 break;
 816                         }
 817
 818                         case 'h':
 819                                 usage_exit (argv[0], 0);
 820                                 break;
 821
 822                         default:
 823                                 usage_exit (argv[0], 1);
 824                 }
 825         }
 826
 827         if (opt_percentile <= 0.0)
 828                 opt_percentile = OPING_DEFAULT_PERCENTILE;
 829
 830         return (optind);
 831 } /* }}} read_options */
 832
 833 static void time_normalize (struct timespec *ts) /* {{{ */
 834 {
 835         while (ts->tv_nsec < 0)
 836         {
 837                 if (ts->tv_sec == 0)
 838                 {
 839                         ts->tv_nsec = 0;
 840                         return;
 841                 }
 842
 843                 ts->tv_sec  -= 1;
 844                 ts->tv_nsec += 1000000000;
 845         }
 846
 847         while (ts->tv_nsec >= 1000000000)
 848         {
 849                 ts->tv_sec  += 1;
 850                 ts->tv_nsec -= 1000000000;
 851         }
 852 } /* }}} void time_normalize */
 853
 854 static void time_calc (struct timespec *ts_dest, /* {{{ */
 855                 const struct timespec *ts_int,
 856                 const struct timeval  *tv_begin,
 857                 const struct timeval  *tv_end)
 858 {
 859         ts_dest->tv_sec = tv_begin->tv_sec + ts_int->tv_sec;
 860         ts_dest->tv_nsec = (tv_begin->tv_usec * 1000) + ts_int->tv_nsec;
 861         time_normalize (ts_dest);
 862
 863         /* Assure that `(begin + interval) > end'.
 864          * This may seem overly complicated, but `tv_sec' is of type `time_t'
 865          * which may be `unsigned. *sigh* */
 866         if ((tv_end->tv_sec > ts_dest->tv_sec)
 867                         || ((tv_end->tv_sec == ts_dest->tv_sec)
 868                                 && ((tv_end->tv_usec * 1000) > ts_dest->tv_nsec)))
 869         {
 870                 ts_dest->tv_sec  = 0;
 871                 ts_dest->tv_nsec = 0;
 872                 return;
 873         }
 874
 875         ts_dest->tv_sec = ts_dest->tv_sec - tv_end->tv_sec;
 876         ts_dest->tv_nsec = ts_dest->tv_nsec - (tv_end->tv_usec * 1000);
 877         time_normalize (ts_dest);
 878 } /* }}} void time_calc */
 879
 880 #if USE_NCURSES
 881 static _Bool has_utf8() /* {{{ */
 882 {
 883 # if HAVE_NCURSESW_NCURSES_H
 884         if (!opt_utf8)
 885         {
 886                 /* Automatically determine */
 887                 if (strcasecmp ("UTF-8", nl_langinfo (CODESET)) == 0)
 888                         opt_utf8 = 2;
 889                 else
 890                         opt_utf8 = 1;
 891         }
 892         return ((_Bool) (opt_utf8 - 1));
 893 # else
 894         return (0);
 895 # endif
 896 } /* }}} _Bool has_utf8 */
 897
 898 static int update_graph_boxplot (ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
 899 {
 900         uint32_t *counters;
 901         double *ratios;
 902         size_t i;
 903         size_t x_max;
 904         size_t x;
 905
 906         clean_history (ctx);
 907
 908         if (ctx->history_received == 0)
 909                 return (ENOENT);
 910
 911         x_max = (size_t) getmaxx (ctx->window);
 912         if (x_max <= 8)
 913                 return (EINVAL);
 914         x_max -= 4;
 915
 916         counters = calloc (x_max, sizeof (*counters));
 917         ratios = calloc (x_max, sizeof (*ratios));
 918
 919         /* Bucketize */
 920         for (i = 0; i < ctx->history_received; i++)
 921         {
 922                 double latency = ctx->history_by_value[i] / 1000.0;
 923                 size_t index = (size_t) (((double) x_max) * latency / opt_interval);
 924
 925                 if (index >= x_max)
 926                         index = x_max - 1;
 927
 928                 counters[index]++;
 929         }
 930
 931         /* Sum and calc ratios */
 932         ratios[0] = ((double) counters[0]) / ((double) ctx->history_received);
 933         for (x = 1; x < x_max; x++)
 934         {
 935                 counters[x] += counters[x - 1];
 936                 ratios[x] = ((double) counters[x]) / ((double) ctx->history_received);
 937         }
 938
 939         for (x = 0; x < x_max; x++)
 940         {
 941                 int symbol = ' ';
 942                 _Bool reverse = 0;
 943
 944                 if (x == 0)
 945                 {
 946                         if (ratios[x] >= 0.5)
 947                         {
 948                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_MEDIAN;
 949                                 reverse = 1;
 950                         }
 951                         else if (ratios[x] > 0.25)
 952                         {
 953                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_BOX;
 954                                 reverse = 1;
 955                         }
 956                         else if (ratios[x] > 0.025)
 957                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR;
 958                         else
 959                                 symbol = ' '; /* NOP */
 960                 }
 961                 else /* (x != 0) */
 962                 {
 963                         if ((ratios[x - 1] < 0.5) && (ratios[x] >= 0.5))
 964                         {
 965                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_MEDIAN;
 966                                 reverse = 1;
 967                         }
 968                         else if (((ratios[x] >= 0.25) && (ratios[x] <= 0.75))
 969                                         || ((ratios[x - 1] < 0.75) && (ratios[x] > 0.75)))
 970                         {
 971                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_BOX;
 972                                 reverse = 1;
 973                         }
 974                         else if ((ratios[x] < 0.5) && (ratios[x] >= 0.025))
 975                         {
 976                                 if (ratios[x - 1] < 0.025)
 977                                         symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_LEFT_END;
 978                                 else
 979                                         symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR;
 980                         }
 981                         else if ((ratios[x] > .5) && (ratios[x] < 0.975))
 982                         {
 983                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_BAR;
 984                         }
 985                         else if ((ratios[x] >= 0.975) && (ratios[x - 1] < 0.975))
 986                                 symbol = BOXPLOT_WHISKER_RIGHT_END;
 987                 }
 988
 989                 if (reverse)
 990                         wattron (ctx->window, A_REVERSE);
 991                 mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ (int) (x + 2), symbol);
 992                 // mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ (int) (x + 2), symbol);
 993                 if (reverse)
 994                         wattroff (ctx->window, A_REVERSE);
 995         }
 996
 997         free (counters);
 998         free (ratios);
 999         return (0);
1000 } /* }}} int update_graph_boxplot */
1001
1002 static int update_graph_prettyping (ping_context_t *ctx, /* {{{ */
1003                 double latency, unsigned int sequence)
1004 {
1005         size_t x;
1006         size_t x_max;
1007         size_t history_offset;
1008
1009         x_max = (size_t) getmaxx (ctx->window);
1010         if (x_max <= 4)
1011                 return (EINVAL);
1012         x_max -= 4;
1013
1014         /* Determine the first index in the history we need to draw
1015          * the graph. */
1016         history_offset = 0;
1017         if (((size_t) x_max) < ctx->history_size) /* window is smaller than history */
1018         {
1019                 if (ctx->history_index > x_max)
1020                         history_offset = ctx->history_index - x_max;
1021                 else /* wrap around */
1022                         history_offset = ctx->history_index + ctx->history_size - x_max;
1023         }
1024         else /* window is larger than history */
1025         {
1026                 if (ctx->history_index != ctx->history_size) /* no longer growing. */
1027                         history_offset = ctx->history_index;
1028                 else /* start-up */
1029                         history_offset = 0;
1030         }
1031
1032         for (x = 0; x < x_max; x++)
1033         {
1034                 size_t index;
1035                 double latency;
1036
1037                 int color = OPING_RED;
1038                 char const *symbol = "!";
1039                 int symbolc = '!';
1040
1041                 if (x >= ctx->history_size)
1042                 {
1043                         mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2, ' ');
1044                         continue;
1045                 }
1046
1047                 index = (history_offset + x) % ctx->history_size;
1048                 latency = ctx->history_by_time[index];
1049
1050                 if (latency >= 0.0)
1051                 {
1052                         double ratio;
1053
1054                         size_t symbols_num = hist_symbols_acs_num;
1055                         size_t colors_num = 1;
1056
1057                         size_t index_symbols;
1058                         size_t index_colors;
1059                         size_t intensity;
1060
1061                         /* latency is in milliseconds, opt_interval is in seconds. */
1062                         ratio = (latency * 0.001) / opt_interval;
1063                         if (ratio > 1) {
1064                                 ratio = 1.0;
1065                         }
1066
1067                         if (has_utf8 ())
1068                                 symbols_num = hist_symbols_utf8_num;
1069
1070                         if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1071                                 colors_num = hist_colors_num;
1072
1073                         intensity = (size_t) (ratio * ((double) (symbols_num * colors_num)));
1074                         if (intensity >= (symbols_num * colors_num))
1075                                 intensity = (symbols_num * colors_num) - 1;
1076
1077                         index_symbols = intensity % symbols_num;
1078                         assert (index_symbols < symbols_num);
1079
1080                         index_colors = intensity / symbols_num;
1081                         assert (index_colors < colors_num);
1082
1083                         if (has_utf8())
1084                         {
1085                                 color = hist_colors_utf8[index_colors];
1086                                 symbol = hist_symbols_utf8[index_symbols];
1087                         }
1088                         else
1089                         {
1090                                 color = hist_colors_acs[index_colors];
1091                                 symbolc = hist_symbols_acs[index_symbols] | A_ALTCHARSET;
1092                         }
1093                 }
1094                 else /* if (!(latency >= 0.0)) */
1095                         wattron (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
1096
1097                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1098                         wattron (ctx->window, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1099
1100                 if (has_utf8())
1101                         mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2, symbol);
1102                 else
1103                         mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2, symbolc);
1104
1105                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1106                         wattroff (ctx->window, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1107
1108                 /* Use negation here to handle NaN correctly. */
1109                 if (!(latency >= 0.0))
1110                         wattroff (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
1111         } /* for (x) */
1112
1113         return (0);
1114 } /* }}} int update_graph_prettyping */
1115
1116 static int update_graph_histogram (ping_context_t *ctx) /* {{{ */
1117 {
1118         uint32_t *counters;
1119         uint32_t *accumulated;
1120         uint32_t max;
1121         size_t i;
1122         size_t x_max;
1123         size_t x;
1124
1125         size_t symbols_num = hist_symbols_acs_num;
1126
1127         clean_history (ctx);
1128
1129         if (ctx->history_received == 0)
1130                 return (ENOENT);
1131
1132         if (has_utf8 ())
1133                 symbols_num = hist_symbols_utf8_num;
1134
1135         x_max = (size_t) getmaxx (ctx->window);
1136         if (x_max <= 4)
1137                 return (EINVAL);
1138         x_max -= 4;
1139
1140         counters = calloc (x_max, sizeof (*counters));
1141         accumulated = calloc (x_max, sizeof (*accumulated));
1142
1143         /* Bucketize */
1144         max = 0;
1145         for (i = 0; i < ctx->history_received; i++)
1146         {
1147                 double latency = ctx->history_by_value[i] / 1000.0;
1148                 size_t index = (size_t) (((double) x_max) * latency / opt_interval);
1149
1150                 if (index >= x_max)
1151                         index = x_max - 1;
1152
1153                 counters[index]++;
1154                 if (max < counters[index])
1155                         max = counters[index];
1156         }
1157
1158         /* Sum */
1159         accumulated[0] = counters[0];
1160         for (x = 1; x < x_max; x++)
1161                 accumulated[x] = counters[x] + accumulated[x - 1];
1162
1163         /* Calculate ratios */
1164         for (x = 0; x < x_max; x++)
1165         {
1166                 double height = ((double) counters[x]) / ((double) max);
1167                 double ratio_this = ((double) accumulated[x]) / ((double) ctx->history_received);
1168                 double ratio_prev = 0.0;
1169                 size_t index;
1170                 int color = 0;
1171
1172                 index = (size_t) (height * ((double) symbols_num));
1173                 if (index >= symbols_num)
1174                         index = symbols_num - 1;
1175
1176                 if (x > 0)
1177                         ratio_prev = ((double) accumulated[x - 1]) / ((double) ctx->history_received);
1178
1179                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1180                 {
1181                         if ((ratio_this <= threshold_green)
1182                                         || ((ratio_prev < threshold_green)
1183                                                 && (ratio_this > threshold_green)))
1184                                 color = OPING_GREEN;
1185                         else if ((ratio_this <= threshold_yellow)
1186                                         || ((ratio_prev < threshold_yellow)
1187                                                 && (ratio_this > threshold_yellow)))
1188                                 color = OPING_YELLOW;
1189                         else
1190                                 color = OPING_RED;
1191
1192                         wattron (ctx->window, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1193                 }
1194
1195                 if (counters[x] == 0)
1196                         mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2, ' ');
1197                 else if (has_utf8 ())
1198                         mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2,
1199                                         hist_symbols_utf8[index]);
1200                 else
1201                         mvwaddch (ctx->window, /* y = */ 3, /* x = */ x + 2,
1202                                         hist_symbols_acs[index] | A_ALTCHARSET);
1203
1204                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1205                         wattroff (ctx->window, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1206
1207         }
1208
1209         free (accumulated);
1210         return (0);
1211 } /* }}} int update_graph_histogram */
1212
1213 static int update_stats_from_context (ping_context_t *ctx, pingobj_iter_t *iter) /* {{{ */
1214 {
1215         double latency = -1.0;
1216         size_t buffer_len = sizeof (latency);
1217
1218         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_LATENCY,
1219                         &latency, &buffer_len);
1220
1221         unsigned int sequence = 0;
1222         buffer_len = sizeof (sequence);
1223         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_SEQUENCE,
1224                         &sequence, &buffer_len);
1225
1226
1227         if ((ctx == NULL) || (ctx->window == NULL))
1228                 return (EINVAL);
1229
1230         /* werase (ctx->window); */
1231
1232         box (ctx->window, 0, 0);
1233         wattron (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
1234         mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 0, /* x = */ 5,
1235                         " %s ", ctx->host);
1236         wattroff (ctx->window, A_BOLD);
1237         wprintw (ctx->window, "ping statistics ");
1238         mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 1, /* x = */ 2,
1239                         "%i packets transmitted, %i received, %.2f%% packet "
1240                         "loss, time %.1fms",
1241                         ctx->req_sent, ctx->req_rcvd,
1242                         context_get_packet_loss (ctx),
1243                         ctx->latency_total);
1244         if (ctx->req_rcvd != 0)
1245         {
1246                 double min;
1247                 double median;
1248                 double max;
1249                 double percentile;
1250
1251                 min = percentile_to_latency (ctx, 0.0);
1252                 median = percentile_to_latency (ctx, 50.0);
1253                 max = percentile_to_latency (ctx, 100.0);
1254                 percentile = percentile_to_latency (ctx, opt_percentile);
1255
1256                 mvwprintw (ctx->window, /* y = */ 2, /* x = */ 2,
1257                                 "RTT[ms]: min = %.0f, median = %.0f, p(%.0f) = %.0f, max = %.0f  ",
1258                                 min, median, opt_percentile, percentile, max);
1259         }
1260
1261         if (opt_show_graph == 1)
1262                 update_graph_prettyping (ctx, latency, sequence);
1263         else if (opt_show_graph == 2)
1264                 update_graph_histogram (ctx);
1265         else if (opt_show_graph == 3)
1266                 update_graph_boxplot (ctx);
1267
1268         wrefresh (ctx->window);
1269
1270         return (0);
1271 } /* }}} int update_stats_from_context */
1272
1273 static int on_resize (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1274 {
1275         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1276         int width = 0;
1277         int height = 0;
1278         int main_win_height;
1279         int box_height = (opt_show_graph == 0) ? 4 : 5;
1280
1281         getmaxyx (stdscr, height, width);
1282         if ((height < 1) || (width < 1))
1283                 return (EINVAL);
1284
1285         main_win_height = height - (box_height * host_num);
1286         wresize (main_win, main_win_height, /* width = */ width);
1287         /* Allow scrolling */
1288         scrollok (main_win, TRUE);
1289         /* wsetscrreg (main_win, 0, main_win_height - 1); */
1290         /* Allow hardware accelerated scrolling. */
1291         idlok (main_win, TRUE);
1292         wrefresh (main_win);
1293
1294         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1295                         iter != NULL;
1296                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1297         {
1298                 ping_context_t *context;
1299
1300                 context = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1301                 if (context == NULL)
1302                         continue;
1303
1304                 if (context->window != NULL)
1305                 {
1306                         delwin (context->window);
1307                         context->window = NULL;
1308                 }
1309                 context->window = newwin (/* height = */ box_height,
1310                                 /* width = */ width,
1311                                 /* y = */ main_win_height + (box_height * context->index),
1312                                 /* x = */ 0);
1313         }
1314
1315         return (0);
1316 } /* }}} */
1317
1318 static int check_resize (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1319 {
1320         int need_resize = 0;
1321
1322         while (42)
1323         {
1324                 int key = wgetch (stdscr);
1325                 if (key == ERR)
1326                         break;
1327                 else if (key == KEY_RESIZE)
1328                         need_resize = 1;
1329                 else if (key == 'g')
1330                 {
1331                         if (opt_show_graph == 3)
1332                                 opt_show_graph = 1;
1333                         else if (opt_show_graph > 0)
1334                                 opt_show_graph++;
1335                 }
1336         }
1337
1338         if (need_resize)
1339                 return (on_resize (ping));
1340         else
1341                 return (0);
1342 } /* }}} int check_resize */
1343
1344 static int pre_loop_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1345 {
1346         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1347         int width = 0;
1348         int height = 0;
1349         int main_win_height;
1350         int box_height = (opt_show_graph == 0) ? 4 : 5;
1351
1352         initscr ();
1353         cbreak ();
1354         noecho ();
1355         nodelay (stdscr, TRUE);
1356
1357         getmaxyx (stdscr, height, width);
1358         if ((height < 1) || (width < 1))
1359                 return (EINVAL);
1360
1361         if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1362         {
1363                 start_color ();
1364                 use_default_colors ();
1365                 init_pair (OPING_GREEN,  COLOR_GREEN,  /* default = */ -1);
1366                 init_pair (OPING_YELLOW, COLOR_YELLOW, /* default = */ -1);
1367                 init_pair (OPING_RED,    COLOR_RED,    /* default = */ -1);
1368                 init_pair (OPING_GREEN_HIST,  COLOR_GREEN,  -1);
1369                 init_pair (OPING_YELLOW_HIST, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_GREEN);
1370                 init_pair (OPING_RED_HIST,    COLOR_RED,    COLOR_YELLOW);
1371         }
1372
1373         main_win_height = height - (box_height * host_num);
1374         main_win = newwin (/* height = */ main_win_height,
1375                         /* width = */ width,
1376                         /* y = */ 0, /* x = */ 0);
1377         /* Allow scrolling */
1378         scrollok (main_win, TRUE);
1379         /* wsetscrreg (main_win, 0, main_win_height - 1); */
1380         /* Allow hardware accelerated scrolling. */
1381         idlok (main_win, TRUE);
1382         wmove (main_win, /* y = */ main_win_height - 1, /* x = */ 0);
1383         wrefresh (main_win);
1384
1385         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1386                         iter != NULL;
1387                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1388         {
1389                 ping_context_t *context;
1390
1391                 context = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1392                 if (context == NULL)
1393                         continue;
1394
1395                 if (context->window != NULL)
1396                 {
1397                         delwin (context->window);
1398                         context->window = NULL;
1399                 }
1400                 context->window = newwin (/* height = */ box_height,
1401                                 /* width = */ width,
1402                                 /* y = */ main_win_height + (box_height * context->index),
1403                                 /* x = */ 0);
1404         }
1405
1406
1407         /* Don't know what good this does exactly, but without this code
1408          * "check_resize" will be called right after startup and *somehow*
1409          * this leads to display errors. If we purge all initial characters
1410          * here, the problem goes away. "wgetch" is non-blocking due to
1411          * "nodelay" (see above). */
1412         while (wgetch (stdscr) != ERR)
1413         {
1414                 /* eat up characters */;
1415         }
1416
1417         return (0);
1418 } /* }}} int pre_loop_hook */
1419
1420 static int pre_sleep_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1421 {
1422         return (check_resize (ping));
1423 } /* }}} int pre_sleep_hook */
1424
1425 static int post_sleep_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1426 {
1427         return (check_resize (ping));
1428 } /* }}} int pre_sleep_hook */
1429 #else /* if !USE_NCURSES */
1430 static int pre_loop_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1431 {
1432         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1433
1434         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1435                         iter != NULL;
1436                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1437         {
1438                 ping_context_t *ctx;
1439                 size_t buffer_size;
1440
1441                 ctx = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1442                 if (ctx == NULL)
1443                         continue;
1444
1445                 buffer_size = 0;
1446                 ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_DATA, NULL, &buffer_size);
1447
1448                 printf ("PING %s (%s) %zu bytes of data.\n",
1449                                 ctx->host, ctx->addr, buffer_size);
1450         }
1451
1452         return (0);
1453 } /* }}} int pre_loop_hook */
1454
1455 static int pre_sleep_hook (__attribute__((unused)) pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1456 {
1457         fflush (stdout);
1458
1459         return (0);
1460 } /* }}} int pre_sleep_hook */
1461
1462 static int post_sleep_hook (__attribute__((unused)) pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1463 {
1464         return (0);
1465 } /* }}} int post_sleep_hook */
1466 #endif
1467
1468 static void update_context (ping_context_t *ctx, double latency) /* {{{ */
1469 {
1470         ctx->req_sent++;
1471
1472         if (latency > 0.0)
1473         {
1474                 ctx->req_rcvd++;
1475                 ctx->latency_total += latency;
1476         }
1477         else
1478         {
1479                 latency = NAN;
1480         }
1481
1482         ctx->history_by_time[ctx->history_index] = latency;
1483
1484         ctx->history_dirty = 1;
1485
1486         /* Update index and size. */
1487         ctx->history_index = (ctx->history_index + 1) % HISTORY_SIZE_MAX;
1488         if (ctx->history_size < HISTORY_SIZE_MAX)
1489                 ctx->history_size++;
1490 } /* }}} void update_context */
1491
1492 static void update_host_hook (pingobj_iter_t *iter, /* {{{ */
1493                 __attribute__((unused)) int index)
1494 {
1495         double          latency;
1496         unsigned int    sequence;
1497         int             recv_ttl;
1498         uint8_t         recv_qos;
1499         char            recv_qos_str[16];
1500         size_t          buffer_len;
1501         size_t          data_len;
1502         ping_context_t *context;
1503
1504         latency = -1.0;
1505         buffer_len = sizeof (latency);
1506         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_LATENCY,
1507                         &latency, &buffer_len);
1508
1509         sequence = 0;
1510         buffer_len = sizeof (sequence);
1511         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_SEQUENCE,
1512                         &sequence, &buffer_len);
1513
1514         recv_ttl = -1;
1515         buffer_len = sizeof (recv_ttl);
1516         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_RECV_TTL,
1517                         &recv_ttl, &buffer_len);
1518
1519         recv_qos = 0;
1520         buffer_len = sizeof (recv_qos);
1521         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_RECV_QOS,
1522                         &recv_qos, &buffer_len);
1523
1524         data_len = 0;
1525         ping_iterator_get_info (iter, PING_INFO_DATA,
1526                         NULL, &data_len);
1527
1528         context = (ping_context_t *) ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1529
1530 #if USE_NCURSES
1531 # define HOST_PRINTF(...) wprintw(main_win, __VA_ARGS__)
1532 #else
1533 # define HOST_PRINTF(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
1534 #endif
1535
1536         update_context (context, latency);
1537
1538         if (latency > 0.0)
1539         {
1540 #if USE_NCURSES
1541                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1542                 {
1543                         double ratio;
1544                         int color = OPING_GREEN;
1545
1546                         ratio = latency_to_ratio (context, latency);
1547                         if (ratio < threshold_green)
1548                                 color = OPING_GREEN;
1549                         else if (ratio < threshold_yellow)
1550                                 color = OPING_YELLOW;
1551                         else
1552                                 color = OPING_RED;
1553
1554                         HOST_PRINTF ("%zu bytes from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u ttl=%i ",
1555                                         data_len, context->host, context->addr,
1556                                         sequence, recv_ttl,
1557                                         format_qos (recv_qos, recv_qos_str, sizeof (recv_qos_str)));
1558                         if ((recv_qos != 0) || (opt_send_qos != 0))
1559                         {
1560                                 HOST_PRINTF ("qos=%s ",
1561                                                 format_qos (recv_qos, recv_qos_str, sizeof (recv_qos_str)));
1562                         }
1563                         HOST_PRINTF ("time=");
1564                         wattron (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1565                         HOST_PRINTF ("%.2f", latency);
1566                         wattroff (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(color));
1567                         HOST_PRINTF (" ms\n");
1568                 }
1569                 else
1570                 {
1571 #endif
1572                 HOST_PRINTF ("%zu bytes from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u ttl=%i ",
1573                                 data_len,
1574                                 context->host, context->addr,
1575                                 sequence, recv_ttl);
1576                 if ((recv_qos != 0) || (opt_send_qos != 0))
1577                 {
1578                         HOST_PRINTF ("qos=%s ",
1579                                         format_qos (recv_qos, recv_qos_str, sizeof (recv_qos_str)));
1580                 }
1581                 HOST_PRINTF ("time=%.2f ms\n", latency);
1582 #if USE_NCURSES
1583                 }
1584 #endif
1585                 if (opt_bell) {
1586 #if USE_NCURSES
1587                         beep();
1588 #else
1589                         HOST_PRINTF ("\a");
1590 #endif
1591                 }
1592         }
1593         else /* if (!(latency > 0.0)) */
1594         {
1595 #if USE_NCURSES
1596                 if (has_colors () == TRUE)
1597                 {
1598                         HOST_PRINTF ("echo reply from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u ",
1599                                         context->host, context->addr,
1600                                         sequence);
1601                         wattron (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(OPING_RED) | A_BOLD);
1602                         HOST_PRINTF ("timeout");
1603                         wattroff (main_win, COLOR_PAIR(OPING_RED) | A_BOLD);
1604                         HOST_PRINTF ("\n");
1605                 }
1606                 else
1607                 {
1608 #endif
1609                 HOST_PRINTF ("echo reply from %s (%s): icmp_seq=%u timeout\n",
1610                                 context->host, context->addr,
1611                                 sequence);
1612 #if USE_NCURSES
1613                 }
1614 #endif
1615         }
1616
1617         if (outfile != NULL)
1618         {
1619                 struct timeval tv = {0};
1620                 if (gettimeofday (&tv, NULL) == 0)
1621                 {
1622                         double t = ((double) tv.tv_sec) + (((double) tv.tv_usec) / 1000000.0);
1623
1624                         if ((sequence % 32) == 0)
1625                                 fprintf (outfile, "#time,host,latency[ms]\n");
1626
1627                         fprintf (outfile, "%.3f,\"%s\",%.2f\n", t, context->host, latency);
1628                 }
1629         }
1630
1631 #if USE_NCURSES
1632         update_stats_from_context (context, iter);
1633         wrefresh (main_win);
1634 #endif
1635 } /* }}} void update_host_hook */
1636
1637 /* Prints statistics for each host, cleans up the contexts and returns the
1638  * number of hosts which failed to return more than the fraction
1639  * opt_exit_status_threshold of pings. */
1640 static int post_loop_hook (pingobj_t *ping) /* {{{ */
1641 {
1642         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1643         int failure_count = 0;
1644
1645 #if USE_NCURSES
1646         endwin ();
1647 #endif
1648
1649         for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1650                         iter != NULL;
1651                         iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1652         {
1653                 ping_context_t *context;
1654
1655                 context = ping_iterator_get_context (iter);
1656
1657                 printf ("\n--- %s ping statistics ---\n"
1658                                 "%i packets transmitted, %i received, %.2f%% packet loss, time %.1fms\n",
1659                                 context->host, context->req_sent, context->req_rcvd,
1660                                 context_get_packet_loss (context),
1661                                 context->latency_total);
1662
1663                 {
1664                         double pct_failed = 1.0 - (((double) context->req_rcvd)
1665                                         / ((double) context->req_sent));
1666                         if (pct_failed > opt_exit_status_threshold)
1667                                 failure_count++;
1668                 }
1669
1670                 if (context->req_rcvd != 0)
1671                 {
1672                         double min;
1673                         double median;
1674                         double max;
1675                         double percentile;
1676
1677                         min = percentile_to_latency (context, 0.0);
1678                         median = percentile_to_latency (context, 50.0);
1679                         max = percentile_to_latency (context, 100.0);
1680                         percentile = percentile_to_latency (context, opt_percentile);
1681
1682                         printf ("RTT[ms]: min = %.0f, median = %.0f, p(%.0f) = %.0f, max = %.0f\n",
1683                                         min, median, opt_percentile, percentile, max);
1684                 }
1685
1686                 ping_iterator_set_context (iter, NULL);
1687                 context_destroy (context);
1688         }
1689
1690         return (failure_count);
1691 } /* }}} int post_loop_hook */
1692
1693 int main (int argc, char **argv) /* {{{ */
1694 {
1695         pingobj_t      *ping;
1696         pingobj_iter_t *iter;
1697
1698         struct sigaction sigint_action;
1699
1700         struct timeval  tv_begin;
1701         struct timeval  tv_end;
1702         struct timespec ts_wait;
1703         struct timespec ts_int;
1704
1705         int optind;
1706         int i;
1707         int status;
1708 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1709         uid_t saved_set_uid;
1710
1711         /* Save the old effective user id */
1712         saved_set_uid = geteuid ();
1713         /* Set the effective user ID to the real user ID without changing the
1714          * saved set-user ID */
1715         status = seteuid (getuid ());
1716         if (status != 0)
1717         {
1718                 fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily dropping privileges "
1719                                 "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1720                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1721         }
1722 #endif
1723
1724         setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
1725         optind = read_options (argc, argv);
1726
1727 #if !_POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1728         /* Cannot temporarily drop privileges -> reject every file but "-". */
1729         if ((opt_filename != NULL)
1730                         && (strcmp ("-", opt_filename) != 0)
1731                         && (getuid () != geteuid ()))
1732         {
1733                 fprintf (stderr, "Your real and effective user IDs don't "
1734                                 "match. Reading from a file (option '-f')\n"
1735                                 "is therefore too risky. You can still read "
1736                                 "from STDIN using '-f -' if you like.\n"
1737                                 "Sorry.\n");
1738                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1739         }
1740 #endif
1741
1742         if ((optind >= argc) && (opt_filename == NULL)) {
1743                 usage_exit (argv[0], 1);
1744         }
1745
1746         if ((ping = ping_construct ()) == NULL)
1747         {
1748                 fprintf (stderr, "ping_construct failed\n");
1749                 return (1);
1750         }
1751
1752         if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_TTL, &opt_send_ttl) != 0)
1753         {
1754                 fprintf (stderr, "Setting TTL to %i failed: %s\n",
1755                                 opt_send_ttl, ping_get_error (ping));
1756         }
1757
1758         if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_QOS, &opt_send_qos) != 0)
1759         {
1760                 fprintf (stderr, "Setting TOS to %i failed: %s\n",
1761                                 opt_send_qos, ping_get_error (ping));
1762         }
1763
1764         {
1765                 double temp_sec;
1766                 double temp_nsec;
1767
1768                 temp_nsec = modf (opt_interval, &temp_sec);
1769                 ts_int.tv_sec  = (time_t) temp_sec;
1770                 ts_int.tv_nsec = (long) (temp_nsec * 1000000000L);
1771
1772                 /* printf ("ts_int = %i.%09li\n", (int) ts_int.tv_sec, ts_int.tv_nsec); */
1773         }
1774
1775         if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_TIMEOUT, (void*)(&opt_timeout)) != 0)
1776         {
1777                 fprintf (stderr, "Setting timeout failed: %s\n",
1778                                 ping_get_error (ping));
1779         }
1780
1781         if (opt_addrfamily != PING_DEF_AF)
1782                 ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_AF, (void *) &opt_addrfamily);
1783
1784         if (opt_srcaddr != NULL)
1785         {
1786                 if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_SOURCE, (void *) opt_srcaddr) != 0)
1787                 {
1788                         fprintf (stderr, "Setting source address failed: %s\n",
1789                                         ping_get_error (ping));
1790                 }
1791         }
1792
1793         if (opt_device != NULL)
1794         {
1795                 if (ping_setopt (ping, PING_OPT_DEVICE, (void *) opt_device) != 0)
1796                 {
1797                         fprintf (stderr, "Setting device failed: %s\n",
1798                                         ping_get_error (ping));
1799                 }
1800         }
1801
1802         if (opt_mark != NULL)
1803         {
1804                 char *endp = NULL;
1805                 int mark = (int) strtol (opt_mark, &endp, /* base = */ 0);
1806                 if ((opt_mark[0] != 0) && (endp != NULL) && (*endp == 0))
1807                 {
1808                         if (ping_setopt(ping, PING_OPT_MARK, (void*)(&mark)) != 0)
1809                         {
1810                                 fprintf (stderr, "Setting mark failed: %s\n",
1811                                         ping_get_error (ping));
1812                         }
1813                 }
1814                 else
1815                 {
1816                         fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring invalid mark: %s\n", optarg);
1817                 }
1818         }
1819
1820         if (opt_filename != NULL)
1821         {
1822                 FILE *infile;
1823                 char line[256];
1824                 char host[256];
1825
1826                 if (strcmp (opt_filename, "-") == 0)
1827                         /* Open STDIN */
1828                         infile = fdopen(0, "r");
1829                 else
1830                         infile = fopen(opt_filename, "r");
1831
1832                 if (infile == NULL)
1833                 {
1834                         fprintf (stderr, "Opening %s failed: %s\n",
1835                                         (strcmp (opt_filename, "-") == 0)
1836                                         ? "STDIN" : opt_filename,
1837                                         strerror(errno));
1838                         return (1);
1839                 }
1840
1841 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1842                 /* Regain privileges */
1843                 status = seteuid (saved_set_uid);
1844                 if (status != 0)
1845                 {
1846                         fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily re-gaining privileges "
1847                                         "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1848                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1849                 }
1850 #endif
1851
1852                 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), infile))
1853                 {
1854                         /* Strip whitespace */
1855                         if (sscanf(line, "%s", host) != 1)
1856                                 continue;
1857
1858                         if ((host[0] == 0) || (host[0] == '#'))
1859                                 continue;
1860
1861                         if (ping_host_add(ping, host) < 0)
1862                         {
1863                                 const char *errmsg = ping_get_error (ping);
1864
1865                                 fprintf (stderr, "Adding host `%s' failed: %s\n", host, errmsg);
1866                                 continue;
1867                         }
1868                         else
1869                         {
1870                                 host_num++;
1871                         }
1872                 }
1873
1874 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1875                 /* Drop privileges */
1876                 status = seteuid (getuid ());
1877                 if (status != 0)
1878                 {
1879                         fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily dropping privileges "
1880                                         "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1881                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1882                 }
1883 #endif
1884
1885                 fclose(infile);
1886         }
1887
1888 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1889         /* Regain privileges */
1890         status = seteuid (saved_set_uid);
1891         if (status != 0)
1892         {
1893                 fprintf (stderr, "Temporarily re-gaining privileges "
1894                                 "failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
1895                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1896         }
1897 #endif
1898
1899         for (i = optind; i < argc; i++)
1900         {
1901                 if (ping_host_add (ping, argv[i]) < 0)
1902                 {
1903                         const char *errmsg = ping_get_error (ping);
1904
1905                         fprintf (stderr, "Adding host `%s' failed: %s\n", argv[i], errmsg);
1906                         continue;
1907                 }
1908                 else
1909                 {
1910                         host_num++;
1911                 }
1912         }
1913
1914         /* Permanently drop root privileges if we're setuid-root. */
1915         status = setuid (getuid ());
1916         if (status != 0)
1917         {
1918                 fprintf (stderr, "Dropping privileges failed: %s\n",
1919                                 strerror (errno));
1920                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1921         }
1922
1923         if (host_num == 0)
1924                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1925
1926 #if _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
1927         saved_set_uid = (uid_t) -1;
1928 #endif
1929
1930         if (opt_outfile != NULL)
1931         {
1932                 outfile = fopen (opt_outfile, "a");
1933                 if (outfile == NULL)
1934                 {
1935                         fprintf (stderr, "opening \"%s\" failed: %s\n",
1936                                  opt_outfile, strerror (errno));
1937                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
1938                 }
1939         }
1940
1941         ping_initialize_contexts (ping);
1942
1943         if (i == 0)
1944                 return (1);
1945
1946         memset (&sigint_action, '\0', sizeof (sigint_action));
1947         sigint_action.sa_handler = sigint_handler;
1948         if (sigaction (SIGINT, &sigint_action, NULL) < 0)
1949         {
1950                 perror ("sigaction");
1951                 return (1);
1952         }
1953
1954         pre_loop_hook (ping);
1955
1956         while (opt_count != 0)
1957         {
1958                 int index;
1959                 int status;
1960
1961                 if (gettimeofday (&tv_begin, NULL) < 0)
1962                 {
1963                         perror ("gettimeofday");
1964                         return (1);
1965                 }
1966
1967                 status = ping_send (ping);
1968                 if (status == -EINTR)
1969                 {
1970                         continue;
1971                 }
1972                 else if (status < 0)
1973                 {
1974                         fprintf (stderr, "ping_send failed: %s\n",
1975                                         ping_get_error (ping));
1976                         return (1);
1977                 }
1978
1979                 index = 0;
1980                 for (iter = ping_iterator_get (ping);
1981                                 iter != NULL;
1982                                 iter = ping_iterator_next (iter))
1983                 {
1984                         update_host_hook (iter, index);
1985                         index++;
1986                 }
1987
1988                 pre_sleep_hook (ping);
1989
1990                 /* Don't sleep in the last iteration */
1991                 if (opt_count == 1)
1992                         break;
1993
1994                 if (gettimeofday (&tv_end, NULL) < 0)
1995                 {
1996                         perror ("gettimeofday");
1997                         return (1);
1998                 }
1999
2000                 time_calc (&ts_wait, &ts_int, &tv_begin, &tv_end);
2001
2002                 /* printf ("Sleeping for %i.%09li seconds\n", (int) ts_wait.tv_sec, ts_wait.tv_nsec); */
2003                 while ((status = nanosleep (&ts_wait, &ts_wait)) != 0)
2004                 {
2005                         if (errno == EINTR)
2006                         {
2007                                 continue;
2008                         }
2009                         else
2010                         {
2011                                 perror ("nanosleep");
2012                                 break;
2013                         }
2014                 }
2015
2016                 post_sleep_hook (ping);
2017
2018                 if (opt_count > 0)
2019                         opt_count--;
2020         } /* while (opt_count != 0) */
2021
2022         /* Returns the number of failed hosts according to -Z. */
2023         status = post_loop_hook (ping);
2024
2025         ping_destroy (ping);
2026
2027         if (outfile != NULL)
2028         {
2029                 fclose (outfile);
2030                 outfile = NULL;
2031         }
2032
2033         if (status == 0)
2034                 exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
2035         else
2036         {
2037                 if (status > 255)
2038                         status = 255;
2039                 exit (status);
2040         }
2041 } /* }}} int main */
2042
2043 /* vim: set fdm=marker : */